Abstract: A cis-olefin of the formula: R1—CH═CH—R2 is prepared by reducing an alkyne of the formula: R1—C≡C—R2 with formic acid in the presence of a palladium catalyst. R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, ester group, substituted silyl group, carboxyl group, cyano group, aliphatic C1-C20 hydrocarbon group, and phenyl group. The cis-olefin which is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of fine chemicals is selectively produced in high yields.

Abstract: Object: To produce E-prostaglandins in a high yield and in a short time with suppressed formation of isomers.Structure: A process for preparing E-prostaglandins represented by the formula: ##STR1## (wherein A, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 represent respectively an arbitrary group which does not participate in the reaction; B represents a vinylene or ethynylene group; and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may be the same or different from each other and each represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group of the hydroxyl group) which comprises reacting allyl esters of E-prostaglandins represented by the formula: ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different from each other and each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group; and A, B, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.

Abstract: Object: To provide novel prostaglandin E.sub.1 analogues which have more excellent pharmaceutical effects, longer duration of the effects and less side-effects than the prior art prostaglandin E.sub.1 's.Constitution: A PGE.sub.1 analogue represented by the formula: ##STR1## (wherein A is a vinylene group or an ethynylene group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an allyl group, R.sup.2 is a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms), or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A prostaglandin derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is halogen atom R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 is a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylmethyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkylethyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof, which has an excellent lowering action of intraocular pressure and improving actions of renal diseases, ischemic heart diseases and heart failure.

Abstract: A prostaglandin E.sub.1 analogue represented by formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group; and X is an oxygen atom and R.sup.2 represents ##STR2## or X is a sulfur atom and R.sup.2 represents ##STR3## The compound has a strong and prolonged inhibitory action for platelet aggregation and is useful for treatment of various thrombotic diseases including peripheral circulatory disturbance.

Abstract: A prostaglandin derivative represented by formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, and R.sup.2 represents a cyclohexyl group or a cyclopentylmethyl group. This compound has physiological activities such as platelet aggregation-inhibiting action, renal blood vessel and coronary blood vessel-dilating actions and the like, and is useful for treatment of renal failure and diseases of circulatory organs.

Abstract: ObjectNovel PG derivatives having an excellent platelet aggregation inhibition activity are provided.ConstructionProstaglandin derivatives represented by formula: ##STR1## and salts thereof.

Abstract: Object: To provide novel prostaglandin E.sub.1 analogues which have more excellent pharmaceutical effects, longer duration of the effects and less side-effects than the prior art prostaglandin E.sub.1 's.Constitution: A PGE.sub.1 analogue represented by the formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an allyl group, and R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms), or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing erythromycin A oxime or a salt thereof which comprises reacting erythromycin A with hydroxylamine using an acid, is disclosed. Erythromycin A oxime and the salts thereof are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of macrolide antibiotics.

Abstract: Novel benzo[.alpha.]phenazine derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, hydroxyl or alkoxy, R.sup.2 is --COOR.sup.5 (wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain alkyl, cycloalkyl having 3-6 carbon atoms, benzyl or phenyl) or ##STR2## wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are the same or different and are each hydrogen or lower alkyl, or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form pyrrolidine or piperidine), R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and are each hydrogen or lower alkyl, and n is an integer of 2 or 3, and the salts thereof are disclosed. These compounds have antitumor activity in mammals.

Abstract: A process for producing 1-(p-prenylphenyl)ethanol, which comprises reacting p-chloroprenylbenzene with magnesium at a temperature between 100.degree. C. and 150.degree. C. to form a Grignard reagent, and then reacting it with acetaldehyde.

Abstract: A process for producing an .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid ester represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an aryl group which may optionally be substituted, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently from each other, represent a lower alkyl group,which comprises reacting a Grignard reagent prepared from an aryl halide of the general formulaAr--X.sup.1 (II)wherein Ar is as defined above and X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom,and magnesium, with an .alpha.-haloalkanoic acid ester of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above, and X.sup.2 represents a halogen atom,said reaction of the Grignard reagent with the .alpha.-haloalkanoic acid ester of general formula (III) being carried out in the presence of a nickel compound.

Abstract: A novel carboxylic acid ester having the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, tetrahydrofurfuryl, or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms optionally substituted with 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups, is a useful anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.

Abstract: A novel thiazolidine derivative having the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each lower alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring selected from the group consisting of morpholino, piperazino, piperidino and pyrrolidino, or said heterocyclic ring substituted with 1 or 2 methyl groups, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful immunomodulators.

Abstract: 2-(p-prenylphenyl)propionic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are disclosed. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity with low gastrointestinal action.

Abstract: Anilinotropone derivatives represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are disclosed. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity with low gastrointestinal action.