Abstract: The present invention provides a method for purifying an organic compound, by which an organic compound having a reduced lead content is obtained from an organic compound that contains a lead component as an impurity. In this method for purifying an organic compound, the organic compound that contains a lead component is irradiated with ultraviolet light, and the lead component is subsequently removed from the organic compound. The present invention also provides a method for producing an organic compound, said method comprising purification of the organic compound by means of the above-described method for purifying an organic compound.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a halogenated hydrocarbon magnesium compound, the method including bringing a halogenated hydrocarbon compound into contact with magnesium having a specific surface area of 1×10?5 to 2×10?4 m2/g. Also provided are methods for producing a tertiary alcohol compound and an organosilicon compound, wherein said production method is utilized.

Abstract: A partially quaternized styrene-based polymer contains given amounts of a constituent unit having a quaternary salt type anion-exchange group and a constituent unit having a haloalkyl group. Due to the polymer, the ionic conductivity and the gas diffusion properties are kept high and the swelling of the electrode catalyst layer in a post-crosslinking step can be minimized to form a highly active catalytic electrode layer and obtain an excellent fuel-cell output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell membrane comprising an anion exchange membrane that contains a hydrocarbon-based anion exchange resin, wherein the water permeability at 25° C. is 1400 g m?2 hr?1 or greater, the anion exchange capacity is 0.2 to 5.0 mmol·g?1, the percentage of water content at 25° C. is 7% by weight or greater, and the thickness is 3 to 50 ?m. It is especially preferable as a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell membrane when said anion exchange membrane is an ion exchange membrane with a 5 to 15 ?m-thick porous membrane substrate, wherein the voids in said porous membrane are filled with a hydrocarbon-based anion exchange resin.

Abstract: In the present invention is disclosed a method for producing a membrane for direct liquid fuel cell, which comprises polymerizing and curing a polymerizable composition containing at least a) an aromatic polymerizable monomer wherein one polymerizable group, at least one hydrogen atom, and at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of methyl group bonded at the para-position relative to the polymerizable group, alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, halogen atom, acyloxy group and alkoxy group are bonded to the aromatic ring, b) a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer, and c) a polymerization initiator, or impregnating the polymerizable composition into a porous membrane and polymerizing and curing the polymerizable composition, and then introducing a cation exchange group into the aromatic ring derived from the aromatic polymerizable monomer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a diaphragm for a fuel cell comprising a modified anion exchange membrane that substantially maintains durability and hydroxide ion conductivity as an electrolyte membrane and has improved resistance to methanol permeation. The process is characterized by comprising the step of impregnating at least one side of a crosslinked hydrocarbon anion exchange membrane with a polymerizable acidic compound having a weight average molecular weight of not less than 700 and less than 8000, provided that, when the acid site in the compound has been neutralized with a counter cation, the weight of the counter cation is subtracted from the molecular weight, and polymerizing the polymerizable acidic compound.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a membrane for direct-liquid fuel cell, comprised of a layered cation-exchange membrane whose one side is constituted by A) a cation-exchange membrane layer of low water content type having a water content of 1 to 15% by mass at a relative humidity of 50% RH (25° C.) and whose other side is constituted by B) a cation-exchange membrane layer of high water content type having, at a relative humidity of 100% RH (25° C.), a water content which is higher, by 3% by mass ore more, than the water content of the cation-exchange membrane layer of low water content type at a relative humidity of 100% RH (25° C.), the layered cation-exchange membrane having an electrical resistance of 0.5 to 0.01 ?·cm2 in a 1 mol/L aqueous sulfuric acid solution at 25° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anion-exchange membrane which does not easily deteriorate even when used at high temperatures in a strong alkaline atmosphere. Also disclosed is a method for producing the anion-exchange membrane. The anion-exchange membrane is a microporous membrane which is composed of a water-insoluble resin and an anion-exchange resin filling the pores of the microporous membrane. The anion-exchange resin is composed of an anion-exchange resin wherein a quaternary ammonium salt group serving as an anion-exchange group is directly bonded to an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, said anion-exchange resin being obtained by polymerizing and crosslinking a monomer composition which contains a crosslinking agent and a monomer component including a diallyl ammonium salt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a membrane for direct liquid fuel cells, wherein a polymerizable composition is brought into contact with a porous membrane so that voids of the porous membrane are filled with the polymerizable composition, then the polymerizable composition is cured by polymerization, and after that a halogenoalkyl group in the resin membrane is converted into a quaternary ammonium group. In this method, the polymerizable composition contains (a) an aromatic polymerizable monomer having an aromatic ring wherein one polymerizable group, at least one halogenoalkyl group and a group which is inert to a reaction converting the at least one halogenoalkyl group into a quaternary ammonium group, are bonded together, (b) a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer and (c) a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: There are disclosed a membrane for a fuel cell in which voids in a porous membrane are filled with a crosslinking type ion exchange resin having both cation-exchange group and anion-exchange group via a covalent bond, wherein the ion exchange resin has ion-exchange groups with either polarity more than ion-exchange groups with the opposite polarity and at least 40% of the ion-exchange groups of the opposite polarity form ion complexes with the ion-exchange groups of the major polarity, as well as a producing process therefor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a diaphragm for a fuel cell comprising a modified anion exchange membrane that substantially maintains durability and hydroxide ion conductivity as an electrolyte membrane and has improved resistance to methanol permeation. The process is characterized by comprising the step of impregnating at least one side of a crosslinked hydrocarbon anion exchange membrane with a polymerizable acidic compound having a weight average molecular weight of not less than 700 and less than 8000, provided that, when the acid site in the compound has been neutralized with a counter cation, the weight of the counter cation is subtracted from the molecular weight, and polymerizing the polymerizable acidic compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a separation membrane for direct liquid fuel cells, which is composed of a quaternary ammonium-type anion exchange membrane. The quaternary ammonium-type anion exchange membrane is produced as follows: a polymerizable composition containing a styrene having a haloalkyl group, a crosslinking polymerizable monomer, a compound having an epoxy group and an effective amount of a polymerization initiator is brought into contact with a porous film, so that the pores of the porous film are filled with the polymerizable composition that is then polymerized therein; then a quaternary ammonium group is introduced into the bromoalkyl group; and then the counter ion of the quaternary ammonium group is ion-exchanged into a hydroxide ion. Also disclosed is a method for producing the quaternary ammonium-type anion exchange membrane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell membrane comprising an anion exchange membrane that contains a hydrocarbon-based anion exchange resin, wherein the water permeability at 25° C. is 1400 g m?2 hr?1 or greater, the anion exchange capacity is 0.2 to 5.0 mmol·g?1, the percentage of water content at 25° C. is 7% by weight or greater, and the thickness is 3 to 50 ?m. It is especially preferable as a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell membrane when said anion exchange membrane is an ion exchange membrane with a 5 to 15?m-thick porous membrane substrate, wherein the voids in said porous membrane are filled with a hydrocarbon-based anion exchange resin.

Abstract: In the present invention is disclosed a method for producing a membrane for direct liquid fuel cell, which comprises polymerizing and curing a polymerizable composition containing at least a) an aromatic polymerizable monomer wherein one polymerizable group, at least one hydrogen atom, and at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of methyl group bonded at the para-position relative to the polymerizable group, alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms, halogen atom, acyloxy group and alkoxy group are bonded to the aromatic ring, b) a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer, and c) a polymerization initiator, or impregnating the polymerizable composition into a porous membrane and polymerizing and curing the polymerizable composition, and then introducing a cation exchange group into the aromatic ring derived from the aromatic polymerizable monomer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a membrane for direct-liquid fuel cell, comprised of a layered cation-exchange membrane whose one side is constituted by A) a cation-exchange membrane layer of low water content type having a water content of 1 to 15% by mass at a relative humidity of 50% RH (25° C.) and whose other side is constituted by B) a cation-exchange membrane layer of high water content type having, at a relative humidity of 100% RH (25° C.), a water content which is higher, by 3% by mass ore more, than the water content of the cation-exchange membrane layer of low water content type at a relative humidity of 100% RH (25° C.), the layered cation-exchange membrane having an electrical resistance of 0.5 to 0.01 ?·cm2 in a 1 mol/L aqueous sulfuric acid solution at 25° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a membrane for direct liquid fuel cell, composed of a cation exchange membrane having a water content of 1 to 5% at a relative humidity of 20% RH (25° C.), a water content of 5 to 15% at a relative humidity of 80% RH (25° C.) and a water content of 20 to 40% at a relative humidity of 100% RH (25° C.). The membrane is suitable as a membrane for fuel cell in which the air is taken in and is supplied into an oxidant chamber with no substantial humidity control, is high in non-permeability of liquid fuel, and has good proton conductivity.

Abstract: A laminate consisting of an ion exchange membrane layer comprising a porous film reinforcement and a crosslinked ion exchange resin and a conductive layer formed on at least one side of the ion exchange membrane layer and comprising conductive inorganic particles and a crosslinked ion exchange resin, wherein the ion exchange membrane layer and the conductive layer are integrated with each other by the above ion exchange resins constituting these layers. This laminate is excellent in dimensional stability, heat resistance and methanol impermeability, which makes it suitable for use in electrochemical devices such as a direct methanol type fuel cell as a membrane-electrode assembly, has high bonding properties between the electrode layer and the ion exchange membrane layer of the membrane-electrode assembly, and provides a fuel cell whose output is not reduced by long-term use.

Abstract: There are disclosed a membrane for a fuel cell in which voids in a porous membrane are filled with a crosslinking type ion exchange resin having both cation-exchange group and anion-exchange group via a covalent bond, wherein the ion exchange resin has ion-exchange groups with either polarity more than ion-exchange groups with the opposite polarity and at least 40% of the ion-exchange groups of the opposite polarity form ion complexes with the ion-exchange groups of the major polarity, as well as a producing process therefor.

Abstract: A laminate consisting of an ion exchange membrane layer comprising a porous film reinforcement and a crosslinked ion exchange resin and a conductive layer formed on at least one side of the ion exchange membrane layer and comprising conductive inorganic particles and a crosslinked ion exchange resin, wherein the ion exchange membrane layer and the conductive layer are integrated with each other by the above ion exchange resins constituting these layers. This laminate is excellent in dimensional stability, heat resistance and methanol impermeability, which makes it suitable for use in electrochemical devices such as a direct methanol type fuel cell as a membrane-electrode assembly, has high bonding properties between the electrode layer and the ion exchange membrane layer of the membrane-electrode assembly, and provides a fuel cell whose output is not reduced by long-term use.