Abstract: For division by a Mersenne number (2.sup.n -1), a divided P is expressed as: ##EQU1## A first summing unit sums up the coefficients a.sub.i 's to provide a sum of a carry multiplied by 2.sup.n and a sum portion less than 2.sup.n. The carry is added to the sum portion to provide a similar sum. When the sum portion of such a sum becomes less than 2.sup.n, the sum portion provides the remainder if it is less than the Mersenne number. If not, the remainder is rendered zero with an additional carry produced. A second summing unit calculates ##STR1## for i=1 to (k-2). Each summation is given by a carry multiplied by 2.sup.n plus a sum portion with the carry from the first summing unit and the additional carry added to the summation for i=1 and with the carry from the summation i=i-1 added to the summation for i=i. The sum portions calculated by the second summing unit with successive addition of the carries provide zeroth through (k-2)-th coefficients to (2.sup.n).sup.O through (2.sup.n).sup.

Abstract: A rotator assembly for a poppet valve employed in an internal combustion engine employs a garter spring mounted in a circular groove concentric with the valve axis. A rotator plate rests on the garter spring so that the plate turns incrementally through a small arc each time the valve completes its opening and closing cycle. Concentric coil compression springs resist opening movement of the poppet valve and both of these springs are supported by a valve retainer which rests on the rotator plate. The lower ends of both springs are supported at the same elevation and the springs are centralized by means of integral fingers struck from the retainer ring to hold one or both springs in central position.

Abstract: A rotator assembly for a poppet valve employed in an internal combustion engine employs a garter spring mounted in a circular groove concentric with the valve axis. A rotator plate rests on the garter spring so that the plate turns incrementally through a small arc each time the valve completes its opening and closing cycle. Concentric coil compression springs resist opening movement of the poppet valve and both of these springs are supported by a valve retainer which rests on the rotator plate. The lower ends of both springs are supported at the same elevation and the springs are centralized by means of integral fingers struck from the retainer ring to hold one or both springs in central position.