Abstract: An optical printer includes a housing in which a photoreceptor including a transparent substrate, a transparent electrode layer and a photosensitive layer composed of a-Si which are formed on the substrate is housed. A main surface of photoreceptor is moved in a first direction parallel therewith. The charging of the photoreceptor, the forming of an electrostatic latent image and the toner-developing are performed at approximately the same time and a toner image formed on the photoreceptor is transcribed onto a paper by a transcribing roller. The paper which is inserted from a first opening formed on the housing is fed in the first direction with respect to the transcribing roller through a first feeding path. A contact line sensor is arranged above the photoreceptor at a position in the vicinity of the transcribing roller. An original which is inserted from a second opening formed on the housing is fed to the line sensor in a second direction opposite to the first direction through a second feeding path.

Abstract: A method for forming a film is carried out by a film forming apparatus in which two cylindrical discharge electrodes are arranged opposite to each other at an inner wall and at an outer wall of an annular reaction chamber. A plurality of cylindrical substrates on which film is to be formed are arranged along the circumference in the region surrounded by the discharge electrodes. The substrate revolves about its own axis and additionally the substrate rotates with a platform. An electric power of 200 W is applied to the discharge electrode of the inner wall by an electric power supply having a frequency of 231 KHz, for example. An electric power of 600 W is applied to the discharge electrode at the outer wall by an electric power supply having a frequency of 400 KHz, for example. A reaction gas mainly in the form of SiH.sub.4 gas is introduced into the reaction chamber and the pressure in the reaction chamber is held at about 0.5 to 2.0 Torr.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image forming apparatus includes a dielectric drum (10) a surface of which is uniformly charged in a predetermined polarity by a charging corotron (16). A recording head (18) includes a transparent base plate (30), a transparent electrode (32) and a photoconductive layer (34) composed of an amorphous silicon are formed on the transparent base plate in this order. A plurality of discharging electrodes (36) are formed on the photoconductive layer. A bias voltage (46) having a reverse polarity of the charged polarity being charging by the charging corotron is applied. When a light signal in accordance with an image to be formed is entered on the back surface of the transparent base plate, carriers, that is, holes and electrons are generated in the photoconductive layer, the carrier having the same polarity as the bias voltage is discharged onto the dielectric drum through the discharging electrodes.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive sensor comprises a blocking layer, a photoconductive layer and a surface layer made mainly of microcrystalline or amorphous silicon and/or germanium and formed on a conductive substrate. At least one of the layers including the blocking layer, the photoconductive layer or the surface layer includes a multilayer which includes a plurality of constituent thin layers having different optical energy band gaps.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording apparatus comprises a photosensitive drum. The photosensitive drum comprises a bulk layer of amorphous silicon formed on a support, and in the bulk layer, a first layer region is formed at the support side and a second layer region is formed at the surface side. The first layer region is formed in a manner of comprising hydrogen of 0.01-40 atomic %, oxygen of 0.1-40 atomic % and boron of 5.times.10.sup.-6 -1.0 atomic %. On the other hand, oxygen and boron are not doped virtually in the second layer region and generation of carrier traps is suppressed in this non-doped second layer region. Furthermore, the peak wavelengths of the lights irradiated onto the photosensitive drum from both a light source for exposure and light source for discharge are set shorter than 650 nm, and preferably shorter than 600 nm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising (a) a substrate made of an electrically conductive material, (b) a silicide layer formed on the surface of the substrate, and (c) a photoconductive layer superposed on the silicide layer being composed chiefly of amorphous silicon; which is usable for copying machines and intelligent copying machine.

Abstract: A current transformer has a hollow tube made from an electrical conductor which is bent at its center so as to form a loop which functions as a primary winding and two parallel straight portions at the ends of the tube which function as leads for the primary winding. The tube has a longitudinally-extending fluid-carrying passageway for a dielectric fluid formed at its center. Both ends of the tube are open and communicate with the inside of a reservoir for a dielectric fluid. A longitudinally-extending electrically-insulating member is inserted into the fluid-carrying passageway of one of the straight portions of the tube so as to decrease the cross-sectional area of the passageway in that portion and increase its resistance to flow. The increase in flow resistance produces a temperature difference within the tube, promoting circulation of the dielectric fluid by convection.

Abstract: The photovoltaic device of this invention has a p-type layer of oxides of the platinum group between a transparent electrode layer texturized at the side opposite the light incident surface and a semiconductive layer having a semiconductor junction and including a p-type layer at the light incident side thereof.With such a construction, the optical path length of an incident ray is increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Also, since the p-type semiconductive layer contacts the p-type layer of oxides of the platinum group, imperfections in the semiconductor junction can be reduced. Accordingly, with a photovoltaic device of this invention, the peak value of the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be increased and also the manufacturing yield can be remarkably increased.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a photoconductive layer formed over a substrate and a surface layer formed over the photoconductive layer and having a high photosensitivity and charge retaining ability at the surface layer, the photoconductive layer and the surface layer being composed chiefly of amorphous silicon, the surface layer being a layer containing carbon forming an insulating material as combined with the amorphous silicon, and the content of the carbon based on the silicon atoms being low toward the substrate and high toward the surface of the surface layer; which is usable for copying machines and intelligent copying machines.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell in accordance with the present invention comprises a transparent substrate, a transparent first electrode layer on the substrate and a first semiconductor layer of P type on the first electrode layer, the first semiconductor layer being approximately 25 to 300 .ANG. in thickness and having activation energy of less than 0.3 eV for generation of positive holes. The above stated cell further comprises a second semiconductor layer of the same conductivity type on the first semiconductor layer, the second semiconductor layer being approximately 100 to 1000 .ANG. in thickness and having activation energy of more than 0.3 eV for generation of positive holes. The above stated cell further comprises a third semiconductor layer of I type on the second semiconductor layer, a fourth semiconductor layer of N type on the third semiconductor layer and a second electrode layer on the fourth semiconductor layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a conductive substrate, a first layer structure with a single layer made mainly of amorphous silicon formed on the substrate, and a second layer structure including multiple layers also mainly made of amorphous silicon layered in succession on the first layer structure. The plurality of second layers includes at least two high resistance layers having a relatively high resistance value and at least one low resistance layer having a relatively low resistance value compared to the high resistance value. The layers of the second layer structure are layered alternately on the first layer structure so that the first and last layers in the second layer structure are high resistance layers.

Abstract: An expansion chamber 23 for a porcelain clad current transformer is formed by a base plate 231 secured on an insulating tube 22 housing a primary coil 21, and a unitary inverted cup-shaped envelope 232 removably mounted on the upper surface of the base plate. Primary terminals 26electrically connected to the coil within the expansion chamber are installed through the base plate to thereby facilitate the necessary connections before the chamber is assembled and filled with insulating oil.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a photoconductive layer formed over a substrate and a surface layer formed over the photoconductive layer and having a high photoconductivity and charge retaining ability at the surface layer, in which the photoconductive layer and the surface layer being composed chiefly of amorphous silicon, the surface layer being a layer containing a substance forming an insulating material as combined with the amorphous silicon, and the content of the substance based on the silicon atoms being low toward the substrate and high toward the surface of the surface layer; which is usable for copying machines and intelligent copying machines.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a conductive substrate, a first layer structure with a single layer made mainly of amorphous silicon formed on the substrate, and a second layer structure including multiple layers also mainly made of amorphous silicon layered in succession on the first layer structure. The plurality of second layers includes at least two high resistance layers having a relatively high resistance value and at least one low resistance layer having a relatively low resistance value compared to the high resistance value. The layers of the second layer structure are layered alternately on the first layer structure so that the first and last layers in the second layer structure are high resistance layers.

Abstract: A transformer is fixed between two electrically insulating plates extending through a hollow porcelain tube connected at both ends to an upper and a lower tank through packings respectively and two compression controlled helical springs are disposed in the upper tank to controllably tension the mating electrical insulating plates with respect to the lower tank. The upper tank is also connected to the lower tank by means of at least three supporting rods disposed on the outside of the porcelain tube and including one end fixed to the upper tank and the other ends threaded and coupled to threaded studs welded to the lower tank through turnbuckles with a cushion interposed between the supporting rods and the porcelain tube.