Abstract: A physiological function assisting device 1 is embedded in the body, and is provided with a transmitter 11 and receiver 12 for communicating with an external controller 2. External controller 2 controls embedded physiological function assisting device 1 from the outside. External controller 2 is provided with a transmitter 21 and receiver 22 for communicating with physiological function assisting device 1. Transmitters 11,21 modulate the plane of polarization of laser light, and emit the result as a transmission signal. Receivers 12,22 selectively receive light of a specific polarization state. Receivers 12,22 respectively output electric signals corresponding to the polarization state (polarization angle or ellipticity) of the received light. As a result, full duplex communications between a strongly dispersing medium like the human body and the outside is possible, while the power consumed by the internal device can be reduced.

Abstract: Aspects of the current invention are directed to a method of mounting a flexible printed circuit and a manufacturing method of an electric optical device. Each of the methods form semiconductor elements and first terminal portions for electrically connecting the semiconductor elements and the outside of the board. These terminal portions have are completely or partially covered with an organic film 37 and are pressed into second terminal portion on the flexible printed circuit from the direction above the organic film thereby creating an electrical connection. Optionally, an anisotropic conductive paste or anisotropic conductive film may be provided between the second terminal portion and the organic film.

Abstract: A method for forming a transistor, comprising: depositing a first material from solution in a first solvent to form a first layer of the transistor; and subsequently whilst the first material remains soluble in the first solvent, forming a second layer of the transistor by depositing over the first material a second material from /solution in a second solvent in which the first material is substantially insoluble.

Abstract: In an inkjet deposition apparatus, a print head is translated in a transverse direction relative to a substrate and the deviation of the print head relative to a first alignment mark is measured. The inkjet head is then translated in a longitudinal direction relative to the substrate and the deviation of the print head to a further alignment mark is measured. A correction factor for a control unit for translation stage of the apparatus is then generated from the measured deviations.

Abstract: The invention provides a display device (26) including a plurality of discrete display segments (2). Each display segment (2) is provided with a drive circuit for driving the display elements arranged within the display area. The display device may be provided either as a passive, active or direct pixel addressed array. By interconnecting a number of display segments, a large area display can be achieved without the requirement for long electrodes. This reduces the electrical resistance and parasitic capacitance of the addressing electrodes, enabling the display to provide improved luminance in a displayed image and to operate at higher speeds, providing improved resolution. An active matrix addressing scheme can also be implemented using relatively low mobility organic thin film transistors.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a transistor includes the step of forming on a substrate a source electrode and drain electrode by selective electroless plating after patterning a charge control agent attached to the substrate using light, and the step of forming an organic semiconductor, a gate insulation layer, and a gate electrode.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electro-optical device board including on a substrate a switching element and a coupling wiring coupled to the switching element is provided. The method includes the steps of forming the switching element and first coupling wirings simultaneously by patterning using light irradiation; and forming second coupling wirings by an additive patterning process.

Abstract: A substrate is patterned by forming an indent region 8 in the surface 10 of a substrate 4 and depositing a liquid material onto the surface 10 at selected locations adjacent to the indent region 8. The liquid material spreads over the surface to an edge of the indent region, at which point further spreading is controlled by the effective enhancement of the contact angle of the liquid material relative to the surface as provided by the indent region.

Abstract: A transistor having at least one of a source electrode and a drain electrode being formed of a porous film is described. The transistor maintains its characteristics even after being subjected to a high temperature and high humidity environment. The transistor may be used in a circuit board, a display and electronic equipment.

Abstract: A region of an electrooptical device includes a substrate, an active matrix switching element formed on the substrate and a pixel electrode formed on the substrate and having a first pixel electrode coupled to the switching element AM and a second pixel electrode covering a second switching element coupled to a third electrode.

Abstract: To reduce or prevent metal wirings formed on one substrate and electrodes formed on the other substrate from being shorted. An electrophoretic display in which, a display part including electrophoretic particles electrophoresed by application of an electric field, and an electrophoretic display part including an electrode to apply the electric field to the display part, are bonded to a substrate. The substrate includes a metal wiring including an insulating part disposed at a position that corresponds to at least a part of an edge of the electrode.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention can provide a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor capable of manufacturing a high-performance thin film transistor with a simple process, a thin film transistor manufactured using the method of manufacturing a thin film transistor, and a thin film transistor circuit, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus each equipped with the thin film transistor.

Abstract: A method for forming a transistor, comprising: depositing a first material from solution in a first solvent to form a first layer of the transistor, and subsequently whilst the first material remains soluble in the first solvent, forming a second layer of the transistor by depositing over the first material a second material from solution in a second solvent in which the first material is substantially insoluble.

Abstract: An electrode is provided that is economically produced and capable of efficiently injecting holes. Also provided are a method to form an electrode that is capable of easily manufacturing such an electrode, a highly reliable thin-film transistor, an electronic circuit using this thin-film transistor, an organic electroluminescent element, a display, and electronic equipment. A thin-film transistor is a top-gate thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor includes a source electrode and a drain electrode that are placed separately from each other. The thin-film transistor also includes an organic semiconductor layer that is laid out between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and a gate insulating layer that is provided between the organic semiconductor layer and a gate electrode. This structure is mounted on a substrate. Each of the source electrode and the drain electrode is composed of two layers, that is, an underlying electrode layer and a surface electrode layer.

Abstract: A method for forming an integrated circuit including at least two interconnected electronic switching devices, the method comprising forming at least part of the electronic switching devices by ink-jet printing.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a pattern on a substrate, comprises the steps of: depositing; such as by ink-jet printing, multiple drops of a first liquid material as a first deposit (15) on the substrate: depositing, such as by ink-jet printing, multiple drops of a second liquid material (17) as a second deposit on the substrate, and in contact with the first material (15) while the first material is liquid, the first and second liquid materials being mutually immiscible; and producing on the substrate a solid deposit from at least one of said liquid materials. In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises ink-jet printing multiple drops of liquid material immiscible with said second liquid material as a third deposit (16) on the substrate, the third deposit (16) being spaced from the first (15) by a predetermined gap and the second deposit (17) applied in said gap overlapping the first and third deposits (15, 16).

Abstract: A liquid filling apparatus includes a discharge head having a cavity for storing liquid, a nozzle communicated with the cavity, and a discharge device for discharging liquid stored in the cavity through the nozzle. In addition, the apparatus includes a liquid supply section which supplies the liquid to the nozzle of the discharge head by contacting the liquid with the nozzle, and a suction device connected to a cavity side of the discharge head, which draws liquid supplied from the liquid supply section to inside the cavity, by suction from the nozzle via the cavity.

Abstract: A thin film circuit is fabricated using a lithographic technique in combination with an inkjet printing technique. The lithographic technique, providing extremely high resolution, is used to fabricate transistor source and drain electrodes, parts of interconnections and circuit electrodes, enabling highly conductive materials to be used. Semiconductor regions, insulator regions, gate electrodes and other parts of the interconnections, and in particular interconnection cross-over points, are patterned using an inkjet printing technique. A variety of materials can be used in the inkjet printing technique and the alignment concerns associated with the use of multiple lithographic steps and, in particular, with the use of plastics substrates, are substantially alleviated.

Abstract: A light emitting device comprising a substrate, a transparent electrode formed on said substrate, a layer of light emitting material provided over the transparent electrode and having at least one corrugated surface, and a further electrode formed over the light emitting material. In a preferred arrangement there is provided a light emitting device comprising a substrate having a corrugated surface, a transparent electrode formed on said corrugated surface, a layer of light emitting material provided over the transparent electrode and a further electrode formed over the light emitting material.

Abstract: A method for forming on a substrate an electronic device including an electrically conductive or semiconductive material in a plurality or regions, the operation of the device utilising current flow from a first region to a second region, the method comprising: forming a mixture by mixing the material with a liquid; forming on the substrate a confinement structure including a first zone in a first area of the substrate and a second zone in a second area of the substrate, the first zone having a greater repellence for the mixture than the second zone, and a third zone in a third area of the substrate spaced from the second area by the first area, the first zone having a greater repellence for the mixture than the third zone, and depositing the material on the substrate by applying the mixture over the substrate whereby the deposited material may be confined by the relative repellence of the first zone to spaced apart regions defining the said first and second regions of the device and being electrically separa