Abstract: A substrate for a composite membrane includes a microporous polyolefin membrane for carrying a hydrophilic resin compound within the pores of the microporous membrane wherein: the average pore diameter is 1 nm to 50 nm; the porosity is 50% to 78%; the membrane thickness is 1 ?m to 12 ?m; and, when a mixed solution of ethanol and water (volume ratio 1/2) is dripped onto a surface of the microporous polyolefin membrane which has not undergone hydrophilization treatment, the contact angle ?1 between the droplet and the surface is 0 to 90 degrees 1 second after the dripping, and the contact angle ?2 between the droplet and the surface is 0 to 70 degrees 10 minutes after the dripping, and the rate of change of the contact angle ((?1??2)/?1×100) is 10 to 50%.

Abstract: When a reading unit reads information of a pattern image for correcting image quality printed on at least either side of a recording medium, a control unit compares the information of the pattern image for correcting image-quality with correction pattern information that is a basis of the pattern image for correcting image quality transferred to the at least either side of the recording medium, and controls an image forming unit based on a result of the comparison to correct image quality on the at least either side of the recording medium.

Abstract: In a double-sided image forming apparatus and method, back-side images are developed on a first middle transfer belt prior to developing of front-side images on the first middle transfer belt, and the back-side images are transferred to a second middle transfer belt. The number of back-side images allowed to be supported at a time on the second middle transfer belt is determined. The number of back-side images are developed on the first middle transfer belt prior to developing of the same number of front-side images on the first middle transfer belt. The front-side image of the first middle transfer belt and the back-side image of the second middle transfer belt are simultaneously formed on both sides of a copy sheet.

Abstract: When a reading unit reads information of a pattern image for correcting image quality printed on at least either side of a recording medium, a control unit compares the information of the pattern image for correcting image-quality with correction pattern information that is a basis of the pattern image for correcting image quality transferred to the at least either side of the recording medium, and controls an image forming unit based on a result of the comparison to correct image quality on the at least either side of the recording medium.

Abstract: In a double-sided image forming apparatus and method, back-side images are developed on a first middle transfer belt prior to developing of front-side images on the first middle transfer belt, and the back-side images are transferred to a second middle transfer belt. The number of back-side images allowed to be supported at a time on the second middle transfer belt is determined. The number of back-side images are developed on the first middle transfer belt prior to developing of the same number of front-side images on the first middle transfer belt. The front-side image of the first middle transfer belt and the back-side image of the second middle transfer belt are simultaneously formed on both sides of a copy sheet.

Abstract: An input unit inputs printing data. A detecting unit detects a current temperature of a thermal head which is used to print information associated with the printing data. A memory unit stores, instead of prints, a data packet of the printing data if it is determined that the current temperature of the thermal head provided by the detecting unit results in controlling the thermal head so it is not used for printing out the data packet of the printing data.

Abstract: An information printing apparatus that applies predetermined print energy to a printhead to print data received from an external data source, includes a receiver for receiving printing data from the external data source, a detector for detecting a current temperature of the printhead which is used to print information associated with the received printing data and memory for storing the received printing data.

Abstract: A heat-sensitive recording method of performing a thermal printing at variable printing time intervals by a thermal head in a facsimile apparatus.

Abstract: A communication apparatus which replies to a call from a calling terminal and records information being received from the calling terminal for transferring the recorded information to a predetermined destination terminal.

Abstract: An electronic switching device employing a self-keeping type relay having an exciting coil (41), which comprises a signal generator (1), a first switching transistor (5) connected through a diode (43) to the coil, a second capacitor (42) connected in series with the coil, a second switching transistor (44) connected across the coil and the second capacitor, a first capacitor connected across the second capacitor, the coil, the diode and the first switching transistor, a high resistance circuit (3) interposed between a power source (E) and the first capacitor, whereby the exciting coil is supplied with a positive momentary discharging current from the first capacitor through the first switching transistor so as to set the relay and the second capacitor and is supplied with a negative momentary discharging current from the second capacitor through the second switching transistor so as to reset the relay.

Abstract: A power source device for electronic counting systems comprising an a.c. power source, a first d.c. power circuit connected to the a.c. power source for supplying an object detecting device with a d.c. power, a second d.c. power circuit connected to the a.c. power source for supplying a counter with a d.c. power, the rate of discharge of the first d.c. power circuit being less than that of the second d.c. power circuit so as to prevent the counter from receiving signal from the detecting device during power failure of the a.c. power source.