Abstract: In a structure in which a middle portion of a wiper blade is pivoted to a leading end portion of a wiper arm via a pivot substantially orthogonal to an arm length direction so as to freely oscillate, and a supporting member supporting a portion closer to a wiper shaft than the middle portion of the wiper blade is provided in the wiper arm, the structure reduces a sliding resistance which occurs due to a movement of the wiper blade toward and away from a window surface. A stabilizer has an upper piece portion and a pair of side piece portions, a supporting concave portion supporting a wiper blade in an outward fitting manner is formed, and a plurality of ribs which extend toward the window surface are formed on inner surfaces of the side piece portions, thereby being in linear contact with outer surfaces of side piece portions of a support receiving body which is fitted to a first lever terminal end portion of the wiper blade.

Abstract: A direct conversion tuner includes mixers that orthogonally convert a digital television signal located in high channels of the VHF band and a digital television signal located in a frequency range of 470 MHz to 608 MHz in the UHF band directly into baseband signals, and an oscillator that supplies local oscillation signals to the mixers. The oscillator is caused to oscillate at a frequency that is sixfold a frequency in the high channels of the VHF band or a frequency that is twofold a frequency in the frequency range of 470 MHz to 608 MHz in the UHF band. An oscillation signal having the twofold frequency is divided by two and an oscillation signal having the sixfold frequency is divided by six to generate local oscillation signals having orthogonal phases for both of these oscillation signals. The local oscillation signals having the divided frequencies are supplied to the mixers.

Abstract: A balanced gain control amplifier contains first and second transistors differentially connected to each other and having their emitters connected to a first current source. The balanced gain control amplifier also contains third and fourth transistors differentially connected to each other and having their emitters connected to a second constant current source. The collectors of the first and fourth transistors are connected to a power terminal through a common first load resistor, and the collectors of the second and third transistors are connected to the power terminal through a common second load resistor. A signal may be input between the bases of the first and third transistors and the bases of the second and fourth transistors. The current of the second constant current source is variable in a range no more than the current value of the first constant current source.

Abstract: A TV signal receiving tuner which is small in size and inexpensive due to a reduced number of local oscillators. In the TV signal receiving tuner, a local oscillation signal output from a local oscillator is directly applied to a first mixer through a first programmable divider to receive a UHF TV signal, the local oscillation signal output from the local oscillator is applied to the first mixer after its frequency is divided to 1/3 by the first programmable divider to receive a VHF high-band TV signal, and the local oscillation signal output from the local oscillator is applied to the first mixer after its frequency is divided to 1/5 by the first programmable divider to receive a VHF low-band TV signal.

Abstract: A mixer has a first transistor and a second transistor which constitute a balanced oscillation circuit with their respective emitters connected with each other; a third transistor whose emitter is connected with the emitter of the first transistor; and a fourth transistor whose emitter is connected with the emitter of the second transistor. A first signal is inputted between a base of the third transistor and a base of the fourth transistor in a balanced way; and the third transistor and the fourth transistor mix an oscillation signal with the first signal and a second signal is outputted from the third transistor and the fourth transistor in a balanced way.

Abstract: A multi-band oscillator includes plural pairs of oscillation transistors, which are differentially connected and which are provided independently for each oscillation frequency band; and feedback capacitor elements that connect the mutual collector and base of each pair of the oscillation transistors. The collectors of one of each pair of the oscillation transistors are connected to one another, and the collectors of the other pairs of the oscillation transistors are connected to each other. Between the collector of one of the oscillation transistors and the collector of the other oscillation transistor, a plurality of capacitor elements for switching the oscillation frequency band are connected via switching devices connected in series thereto in such a manner as to correspond to each pair of oscillation transistors, and only one pair of oscillation transistors corresponding to the capacitor element which is connected to the switching device which is turned on are placed in an operating condition.

Abstract: A direct conversion circuit includes first and second mixers to which a radio frequency signal is input. An oscillator supplies the first and second mixers with local oscillation signals whose phases are orthogonal to each other. A baseband processing circuit processes baseband signals output from the first and second mixers. A level-difference correcting circuit which corrects the two baseband signals input to the baseband processing circuit so that the levels of both are equal to each other is provided in a stage before the first and second mixers. The levels of the baseband signals are corrected by changing relative levels of the radio frequency signal input to the first mixer and the radio frequency signal input to the second mixer.

Abstract: A television tuner has a high frequency tuning circuit, a high frequency amplifier, a mixer, and an oscillating section. The tuning circuit is made up of an inductor and plural capacitors and at least one of the capacitors is selected and connected in parallel with the inductor; and the oscillating section has at least plural oscillators which are included in an integrated circuit. In the integrated circuit, the oscillators respectively have variable capacitors to vary a frequency of a local oscillation signal. Groups into which a receiving frequency band is divided correspond to the oscillators on the basis of one oscillator per group; and each of the oscillators generates local oscillation frequencies depending on television signals in the corresponding group.

Abstract: An OFDM receiver has four antennas or more for receiving an OFDM modulated high frequency signal, and plural OFDM demodulators for inputting a base band signal of a time area thereto on the basis of the high frequency signal and outputting the base band signal of a frequency area, wherein the OFDM demodulators are arranged every plural antenna groups with two or more of the antennas as one group, and a signal is diversity-synthesized by a first phase shifter until the base band signal of the time area is inputted to each of the OFDM demodulators, and the base band signal of the frequency area is diversity-synthesized by a second phase shifter.

Abstract: In the surface mount typed electronic circuit of the invention, an insulating substrate has an inductance element formed in a conductive pattern whose end portions are connected to the second lands. A bare chip is superimposed on the insulating substrate, so as to respectively connect the first electrodes and the second electrodes to the first lands and the second lands. Therefore, since the inductance element is positioned below the bare chip, the length of the connecting conductor between the inductance element and the semiconductor circuit can be extremely shortened, and a high-Q electronic circuit, especially in high-frequency, can be provided.

Abstract: A mixer has a first transistor and a second transistor which constitute a balanced oscillation circuit with their respective emitters connected with each other; a third transistor whose emitter is connected with the emitter of the first transistor; and a fourth transistor whose emitter is connected with the emitter of the second transistor. A first signal is inputted between a base of the third transistor and a base of the fourth transistor in a balanced way; and the third transistor and the fourth transistor mix an oscillation signal with the first signal and a second signal is outputted from the third transistor and the fourth transistor in a balanced way.

Abstract: The direct current circuit comprises first to fourth mixers to which high frequency signals and a local oscillation signal having an equal frequency to that of the high frequency signal are inputted, and first and second multiplexer circuits which output components of a sum of two signals. A phase of the high frequency signals which are inputted to the first and second mixers and a phase of the high frequency signals which are inputted to the third and fourth mixers are made to differ from each other by &pgr;. A phase of the local oscillation signals which are inputted to the first and third mixers and a phase of the local oscillation signals which are inputted to the second and fourth mixers are made to differ from each other by &pgr;/2.

Abstract: An FM demodulator for reproducing data by performing FM demodulation of a received RF signal in a Bluetooth transmission system is provided. The FM demodulator includes a frequency discrimination unit and a level determination unit. The FM demodulator frequency-discriminates the RF signal, performs digital conversion of the discriminated RF signal, and outputs converted data. The level determination unit performs level comparison of current input-data, supplied from the frequency discrimination unit in the latest clock period, with last input-data, supplied from the frequency discrimination unit in the immediately preceding clock period, determines a logic state of the current input-data based on the result of the level comparison, and reproduces data in accordance with the determined logic state.

Abstract: A dual-band frequency converter unit, for selectively performing frequency conversion between a 2.4-GHz high-frequency-band signal or a 5-GHz high-frequency-band signal and a baseband signal by frequency mixing, includes a local oscillator for generating a local oscillation signal; a first frequency divider for generating a half-frequency signal of the local oscillation signal; and a second frequency divider for generating a quarter-frequency signal of the local oscillation signal. Frequency conversion between the 2.4-GHz high-frequency-band signal and the baseband signal is performed by frequency mixing using the half-frequency signal of the local oscillation signal. Frequency conversion between the 5-GHz high-frequency-band signal and the baseband signal is performed by frequency mixing using the local oscillation signal and the quarter-frequency signal of the local oscillation signal.

Abstract: A character type speak system is disclosed as including a meaning network database 10, an SDD module 20 for producing a string of free sentences, a standardized topic module 30 which allows a conversation to be performed on a particular topic, and an interconnection module 40 which enables continuous deployment of the conversation while maintaining and managing a discourse connecting property between the SDD module 20 and the standardized topic module 30. As such, the speak system (speak robot) per se realizes an autonomy and the discourse connecting property as a discourse participant.

Abstract: In the surface mount typed electronic circuit of the invention, an insulating substrate has an inductance element formed in a conductive pattern whose end portions are connected to the second lands. A bare chip is superimposed on the insulating substrate, so as to respectively connect the first electrodes and the second electrodes to the first lands and the second lands. Therefore, since the inductance element is positioned below the bare chip, the length of the connecting conductor between the inductance element and the semiconductor circuit can be extremely shortened, and a high-Q electronic circuit, especially in high-frequency, can be provided.

Abstract: A frequency conversion circuit includes a first mixer for performing frequency conversion of a received signal having components disposed at first frequency intervals into a first intermediate frequency signal which has a frequency lower than that of the received signal and which has components disposed at predetermined frequency intervals, two second mixers for performing frequency conversion of the first intermediate frequency signal into a second intermediate frequency signal having a frequency lower than that of the first intermediate frequency signal. A first local oscillation signal changing at second frequency intervals different from the first frequency intervals is supplied to the firs mixer, and a second local oscillation signal having a frequency which is the reciprocal of an integer of the frequency of the first local oscillation signal is supplied to the second mixers.

Abstract: An FM demodulator for reproducing data by performing FM demodulation of a received RF signal in a Bluetooth transmission system is provided. The FM demodulator includes a frequency discrimination unit and a level determination unit. The FM demodulator frequency-discriminates the RF signal, performs digital conversion of the discriminated RF signal, and outputs converted data. The level determination unit performs level comparison of current input-data, supplied from the frequency discrimination unit in the latest clock period, with last input-data, supplied from the frequency discrimination unit in the immediately preceding clock period, determines a logic state of the current input-data based on the result of the level comparison, and reproduces data in accordance with the determined logic state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a receiver including: A/D converters (1-1 to 1-4) for converting receiving analog signals (I1, Q1, I2, Q2) into digital signals; a quantizing error reduction signal generator (2) for generating a random noise quantizing error reduction; adders (3-1 to 3-4) for adding the converted digital signal and the quantizing error reduction signal; bit shift circuits (4-1 to 4-4) for reducing a bit number of addition; low-pass filters (5-1, 5-2) for removing a quantizing error reduction signal included in the digital signal having a reduced bit number; matched filters (6-1, 6-2); and a demodulation section (7).

Abstract: A TV signal receiving tuner which is small in size and inexpensive due to a reduced number of local oscillators. In the TV signal receiving tuner, a local oscillation signal output from a local oscillator is directly applied to a first mixer through a first programmable divider to receive a UHF TV signal, the local oscillation signal output from the local oscillator is applied to the first mixer after its frequency is divided to ⅓ by the first programmable divider to receive a VHF high-band TV signal, and the local oscillation signal output from the local oscillator is applied to the first mixer after its frequency is divided to ⅕ by the first programmable divider to receive a VHF low-band TV signal.