Abstract: A method for signaling gradual refresh for encoding a set of pictures performed by an electronic device is provided. The method identifies a first picture in the set of pictures as being associated with a gradual refreshed picture, and stores a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit type in a coded stream associated with the first picture. The NAL unit type identifies a presence of the gradual refreshed picture. The method then stores, in the coded stream, an enable flag to identify a use of the gradual refresh for encoding at least a subset of pictures in the set of pictures.

Abstract: The mere use of supplemental enhancement information of a deep learning post-filter degrades the performance of improving image quality because filter strength fails to be adjusted in a case that features of an image vary with frame. Solution Provided is a 3D data decoding apparatus for decoding coded data into 3D data including location information and attribute information, the decoding apparatus including a header decoder configured to decode the coded data into supplemental enhancement information of a deep learning post-filter, an attribute image decoder configured to decode the coded data into an attribute image, and an attribute image filter unit configured to perform filtering processing on the attribute image, wherein the header decoder performs decoding into purpose information indicating that the attribute image filter unit performs the filtering processing on the attribute image.

Abstract: Object In the existing specifications for neural network post-filter characteristics SEI, in order to perform post-filtering processing, the SEI needs to be transmitted for each picture, which presents a problem of redundancy in a case that the same post-filtering processing is performed in all of pictures. Solution A video decoding apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes an image decoding apparatus configured to decode coded data and generate a decoded image, an inverse conversion information decoding apparatus configured to decode inverse conversion information as supplemental enhancement information on a per sequence basis, and a resolution inverse conversion apparatus configured to conversion the decoded image to an image with an indicated resolution by using the inverse conversion information, the resolution inverse conversion apparatus using a neural network.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an image encoding method includes selecting a motion reference block from an encoded pixel block to which an inter prediction is applied. The method includes selecting one or more available blocks from the motion reference block. The method includes selecting a selection block from the available blocks. The method includes generating a predicted image of the encoding target block using motion information of the selection block. The method includes encoding a prediction error between the predicted image and an original image. The method includes encoding selection information specifying the selection block by referring to a code table decided according to a number of the available blocks.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an encoding device includes an index setting unit and an encoding unit. The index setting unit generates a common index in which reference indices of one or more reference images included in a first index and a second index are sorted in a combination so as not to include a same reference image in accordance with a predetermined scanning order. The first index representing a combination of the one or more reference images referred to by a first reference image. The second index representing a combination of the one or more reference images referred to by a second reference image. The encoding unit encodes the common index.

Abstract: Object To reduce distortion caused by coding a mesh displacement image, and code and decode 3D data with high quality in coding and decoding 3D data using video coding scheme. Solution A 3D data decoding apparatus for decoding 3D coded data includes an image decoder configured to decode the 3D coded data into a mesh displacement image, a displacement unmapping unit configured to generate a mesh displacement from the mesh displacement image, and a coordinate system conversion unit configured to perform conversion of a coordinate system of the mesh displacement.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an image coding method is for coding an image including a luminance component and color difference components. The method includes acquiring a reference image; and generating a predicted image by interpolating the luminance component and the color difference components in the reference image according to a motion vector. If a size of a block, which is designated as a unit of the interpolation, is equal to or smaller than a predetermined first threshold value, the generating includes inhibiting a bi-directional prediction, and performing only a uni-directional prediction to generate the predicted image according to the motion vector.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an image encoding method includes selecting a motion reference block from an encoded pixel block to which an inter prediction is applied. The method includes selecting one or more available blocks from the motion reference block. The method includes selecting a selection block from the available blocks. The method includes generating a predicted image of the encoding target block using motion information of the selection block. The method includes encoding a prediction error between the predicted image and an original image. The method includes encoding selection information specifying the selection block by referring to a code table decided according to a number of the available blocks.

Abstract: A filtered image with enhanced image quality is output. Provided is a loop filter including: a filtering processing unit configured to apply a filter to an unfiltered image; and an ALF unit configured to receive input of a DL image to which a filter is applied by a first filtering processing unit out of the filtering processing unit. The ALF unit further receives input of the unfiltered image.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided that implements video coding and decoding such that only a specific partial image region on a screen can be independently decoded. A video decoding apparatus (31) according to an aspect of the present invention configures, in intra prediction, inter prediction, loop filter processing, or the like, a partial image region in a picture, handles a region outside the partial image region in a similar manner to a region outside the picture, and does not apply such restriction to a non-partial image region other than the partial image region in the picture.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an encoding device includes an index setting unit and an encoding unit. The index setting unit generates a common index in which reference indices of one or more reference images included in a first index and a second index are sorted in a combination so as not to include a same reference image in accordance with a predetermined scanning order. The first index representing a combination of the one or more reference images referred to by a first reference image. The second index representing a combination of the one or more reference images referred to by a second reference image. The encoding unit encodes the common index.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding apparatus for decoding coded data of a tile group in which a picture is split into rectangular regions, the tile group being composed of segments, the video decoding apparatus including: a header decoder configured to decode the number of tiles, a WPP enabled flag, and a slice enabled flag indicating whether segments in a target tile group are rectangular tiles, CTU rows, or slices from a tile group header, wherein the header decoder is configured to decode only one of the number of tiles being two or more, the WPP enabled flag being 1, and the slice enabled flag being 1 in one tile group.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an encoding device includes a deriving unit and an encoding unit. The deriving unit is configured to derive a first reference value based on fixed point precision representing roughness of a weighting factor that is used for multiplying a reference image. The encoding unit is configured to encode a first difference value that is a difference value between the weighting factor and the first reference value and the fixed point precision. The weighting factor is included in a first range of predetermined bit precision having the first reference value at approximate center. The first difference value is in the predetermined range.

Abstract: A video decoding apparatus includes an image decoding apparatus configured to decode coded data to generate a decoded image, and a resolution inverse conversion apparatus configured to convert a resolution of the decoded image to a specified resolution by using inverse conversion information. The resolution inverse conversion apparatus uses a neural network. In the resolution inverse conversion apparatus, information, indicating a number of horizontal pixels and a number of vertical pixels of a patch size being a unit of processing of the neural network, is decoded. The number of horizontal pixels and the number of vertical pixels of the decoded image are set equal to a maximum value of the number of horizontal pixels and a maximum value of the number of vertical pixels of the patch size, respectively.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an image coding method is for coding an image including a luminance component and color difference components. The method includes acquiring a reference image; and generating a predicted image by interpolating the luminance component and the color difference components in the reference image according to a motion vector. If a size of a block, which is designated as a unit of the interpolation, is equal to or smaller than a predetermined first threshold value, the generating includes inhibiting a bi-directional prediction, and performing only a uni-directional prediction to generate the predicted image according to the motion vector.

Abstract: A moving image decoding method for generating prediction images by a device is provided. First and second prediction image are generated. Bidirectional prediction gradient change prediction processing is performed by using a first shift value and difference values of horizontally neighboring samples and vertically neighboring samples in the first and second prediction images to generate a first, second, third and fourth gradient images. Motion information is derived by using the first and second prediction images, the first, second, third and fourth gradient images, a second shift value, and a third shift value. Motion compensation correction value is derived by using the motion information and the first, second, third and the fourth gradient images. The third prediction image is generated by using the first and second prediction images and the motion compensation correction value. The first, second and third shift values are derived based on a pixel bit length of eight.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding apparatus for decoding coded data of a tile group in which a picture is split into rectangular regions, the tile group being composed of segments, the video decoding apparatus including: a header decoder configured to decode the number of tiles, a WPP enabled flag, and a slice enabled flag indicating whether segments in a target tile group are rectangular tiles, CTU rows, or slices from a tile group header, wherein the header decoder is configured to decode only one of the number of tiles being two or more, the WPP enabled flag being 1, and the slice enabled flag being 1 in one tile group.

Abstract: A video encoding apparatus is a video encoding apparatus for subjecting a video image to motion compensated prediction coding, comprising an acquisition module to acquire available blocks of blocks having motion vectors from encoded blocks adjacent to a to-be-encoded block and number of the available blocks, an acquisition/selection module to select one selection block from the encoded available blocks, a selection information encoder to encode selection information specifying the selection block using a code table corresponding to the number of available blocks, and an image encoder to subject the to-be-encoded block to motion compensated prediction coding using a motion vector of the selection block.

Abstract: In a case of referring to information between pictures by means of inter prediction, the entire picture needs to be decoded even in a case of decoding a small region. In a case of referring to information within a picture by means of intra prediction, referring to information across a tile boundary is not possible. In a case that a pixel pointed by a sub-block level motion vector of a target block that is calculated by scaling based on an available motion vector acquired from a spatial neighboring block or a temporal neighboring block is not present within a tile sequence, a process of replacing the pixel value with a pixel value within the tile sequence is performed. In a case of referring to a pixel outside of a tile by means of intra prediction, a process of replacing the pixel value with that of a pixel within the tile is performed.

Abstract: An encoding device that includes a deriving unit and an encoding unit. The deriving unit is configured to derive a first reference value based on fixed point precision representing roughness of a weighting factor that is used for multiplying a reference image. The encoding unit is configured to encode a first difference value that is a difference value between the weighting factor and the first reference value and the fixed point precision. The weighting factor is included in a first range of predetermined bit precision having the first reference value at approximate center. The first difference value is in the predetermined range.