Abstract: An organic photoreceptor, comprises: a conductive support; a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive support; and a protective layer provided on the photosensitive layer, wherein the protective layer contains alumina particles which contain 2 to 50 ppm of phosphorus atoms and is subjected to a surface treatment with a compound A having a reactive functional group and a curable compound B, and the protective layer is a cured layer including a cured product material formed by at least the compound A on the surfaces of the alumina particles and the curable compound B.

Abstract: In a refractive index measuring device (1) for measuring a refractive index of a solid sample (S), the solid sample (S) is closely attached to a prism (3) having a predetermined refractive index with a refractive index liquid (4) having a predetermined refractive index interposed therebetween. A scaled angle (light receiving member) (6) having a light receiving surface (6a) that receives first reflected light (R1), which is a part of light from a light source (2) and which is reflected by the prism (3), is provided. When the prism (3) is rotationally driven by a rotary table (rotational drive unit) (5) and an intensity of second reflected light (R2) detected by a detector (7) becomes lower than a predetermined value, the refractive index of the solid sample (S) is measured by using a position of the first reflected light (R1) on the light receiving surface (6a) of the scaled angle (6).

Abstract: An emission signal visualization device includes a front video camera for photographing a measured object from the front, a signal detecting sensor for detecting an emission signal generated from the measured object, a lateral video camera for photographing the signal detecting sensor from a lateral, a spectrum analyzer, and an analyzing body unit, and records and analyzes the state of the spatial distribution of signals detected by the signal detecting sensor.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus drives and rotates at least one of a photosensitive drum and a transport roller with use of a stepping motor in a multi-phase excitation mode. The image forming apparatus includes: a constant-voltage control unit controlling the stepping motor by applying a constant voltage for each phase; a constant-current control unit controlling the stepping motor by regulating an amount of current for each phase by a chopping control; a measuring unit measuring a chopping count of each phase on a per-step basis; a chopping count determination unit determining whether the chopping count of each phase is less than or equal to a predetermined count; and a control switching unit causing the constant-voltage control unit to control the stepping motor when the chopping count determination unit determines affirmatively, and causing the constant-current control unit to control the stepping motor when the chopping count determination unit determines negatively.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic linear valve, a resilient member urges a plunger in a direction in which the core-opposing portions move away from a core portion, and moves the plunger in a direction in which the core-opposing portions approach the core portion where an electric current is supplied to a coil. Where no electric current is supplied to the coil, an axially opposing surface area as a surface area of portions of the core-opposing portions which respectively oppose inner peripheral surfaces of recessed portions is smaller than a radially opposing surface area as a surface area of portions of the core-opposing portions which respectively oppose bottom surfaces of the recessed portions, and the axially opposing surface area becomes larger than the radially opposing surface area where an electric current is supplied to the coil and the core-opposing portions approach most to the core portion.

Abstract: During a caulking process, a pressure is applied to a pressure receiving shoulder portion in the same direction as a direction of a clamping force generated by a caulking portion. The clamping force for holding an outer race can thereby be increased. Also, a pressure receiving surface of the pressure receiving shoulder portion is set higher than an end face. Thus, no pressure resulting from plastic deformation in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the clamping force of the caulking portion is generated. In addition, a groove is formed between the pressure receiving shoulder portion and an end serving as the caulking portion.

Abstract: During a caulking process, a pressure is applied to a pressure receiving shoulder portion in the same direction as a direction of a clamping force generated by a caulking portion. The clamping force for holding an outer race can thereby be increased. Also, a pressure receiving surface of the pressure receiving shoulder portion is set higher than an end face. Thus, no pressure resulting from plastic deformation in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the clamping force of the caulking portion is generated. In addition, a groove is formed between the pressure receiving shoulder portion and an end serving as the caulking portion.

Abstract: An omnidirectional camera comprises a camera mounting frame 6 of cylindrical hollow body, a plurality of horizontal camera units 7 each of which is provided on a horizontal plane orthogonal to a center line of the camera mounting frame 6 and adapted to acquire an image in a horizontal direction, a vertical camera unit 8 provided so as to coincide with the center line of the camera mounting frame 6 and adapted to acquire an image in a zenith direction, and a ring-like GPS antenna 19 provided so as to surround the vertical camera unit 8.

Abstract: A backlight unit comprises a light source, a light guide plate and a frame. The light guide plate comprises a light guide and a low-refractive-index layer. The refractive index of the low-refractive-index layer is less than the refractive index of the light guide. A plurality of prisms for gradually reducing the angle of incidence of light coming from the light source with respect to the rear surface of the light guide are provided to the front surface or rear surface of the light guide. A plurality of prisms for totally reflecting forward the light coming from the light source are provided to the rear surface of the light guide plate. The frame comprises walls for surrounding the light source and the light guide plate. The width of the upper side of the walls and the width of the lower side thereof are substantially equal.

Abstract: Provided is an illumination device capable of improved illumination quality. This back-light unit (illumination device) (20) is provided with a light source, and a light guide (23) which guides light from the light source. The light guide (23) includes an incidence surface (light incidence surface (23a)) where light from the light source is incident, an end region (22b) on the light source side, and a light emitting region (22a) arranged on the side opposite of the light source with respect to the end region (22b). Prisms (23e) which reflect the light entering the light guide (23) are provided in the light emitting region of the light guide (23). These prisms (23e) are configured to begin from a position (L1) separated by a predetermined distance (D30) from the light incidence surface (23a) in the end region (22b).

Abstract: Provided is an illumination device for obtaining planar light having satisfactory uniformity and suppressed brightness irregularities. A backlight unit (illumination device) (20) comprises a light source and a light-guiding element (23) for guiding light from the light source. The light-guiding element (23) includes prisms (23q) formed in an end area (22b) on the light source side, and prisms (23i) formed in an area (a light-emitting area (22a)) on the side opposite the light source relative to the end area (22b). The prisms (23q) vary the propagation angle of light spreading in a direction intersecting the direction of light entry, more so than the prisms (23i).

Abstract: This illumination device (20) is provided with: a light guide plate (30) that guides the light entering from an entrance surface (30a), and radiates it from an exit surface (30b); and a frame-shaped frame (25) that supports the outer periphery of the light guide plate (30). The light guide plate (30) has: a light guide portion (35) that, in parallel along the optical axis direction (X), is provided with prisms (33) containing an inclined surface (33b) that faces and is inclined with respect to the entrance surface (30a); a low-refractive-index-layer (36) having a lower refractive index than the light guide portion (35); and a light-collecting portion (37) that is provided in parallel along the optical axis direction (X) with prisms (38) that contain an inclined surface (38b) that faces and is inclined with respect to the entrance surface (30a). The frame (25) is formed from a light absorbing material.

Abstract: A multi-layer biaxially oriented film comprising a first layer (A) comprising an aromatic polyester (a) and a second layer (B) comprising a polyolefin (b) having a melting point of from 230 to 290° C. wherein said polyolefin is a styrene polymer, and an adhesive interlayer (C) between a layer (A) and a layer (B), wherein said adhesive interlayer (C) comprises a tie-layer material (c) selected from anhydride-modified ethylene copolymers in which the proportion of anhydride present in the copolymer is no more than 3.0% by weight of the polymer, and in which the ethylene copolymer comprises one or more additional comonomers other than styrene.

Abstract: An illuminating device 20 includes a plurality of light sources 21 and a light guide plate 30 guiding light incident on an incident surface 30a that opposes the light sources 21 and emitting illuminating light from an emission surface 30b. The light guide plate 30 includes a plurality of prisms 32 that extend in an optical axis direction Y and are arranged next to each other in a longitudinal direction X, the prisms 32 scattering the guided light in the longitudinal direction X. At least a top portion 32a of each prism 32 includes a curved portion 32c having a curved shape in cross section. A bottom portion 32b of each prism 32, the bottom portion 32b extending upward from a surface of the light guide plate 30, has a radius of curvature greater than that of the top portion 32a.

Abstract: An omnidirectional camera comprises a camera having an image pickup element for acquiring a digital image, an image data processing device for compressing signals from the camera and for converting the signal to an image signal, and an external memory. The image data processing device has a signal processing unit, a writing changeover unit, a set of two first internal memories, a signal compensation unit, a data conversion unit, a third internal memory for temporarily storing the outputted data, and an input/output control unit for controlling the input/output of the data between the third internal memory and the external memory. The writing changeover unit accumulates signals outputted from the signal processing unit in one of the first internal memories until the signals are accumulated to a predetermined amount, and then, the writing changeover unit changes the destination of accumulation and repeatedly accumulates in the other first internal memory.

Abstract: In addition to the pressure for swaging applied when swaging is performed, a pressure in the direction the same as the direction of the holding force exerted by a swaged portion is applied to a pressure receiving edge portion of a bearing holder by the pressure applied by a swaging roller. As a result, the elastic deformation in a circumferential wall portion that is not bent is advanced and the amount of elastic deformation of the bearing holder in the axial direction is reduced, so that it is possible to increase the difference in the amount of elastic deformation between the bearing holder and an outer race. Thus, the axial residual stress in the bearing holder is increased after the swaging is completed, as compared to the case of the ordinary swaging. Accordingly, it is possible to increase the holding force for holding the outer race.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising, on an electrically conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer and a surface layer provided sequentially in that order, in which the surface layer is a layer formed by polymerizing a polymerizable compound (I) containing seven to ten functional groups and exhibiting a reactive group equivalent of not more than 140 and not less than 100.

Abstract: During a caulking process, a pressure is applied to a pressure receiving shoulder portion in the same direction as a direction of a clamping force generated by a caulking portion. The clamping force for holding an outer race can thereby be increased. Also, a pressure receiving surface of the pressure receiving shoulder portion is set higher than an end face. Thus, no pressure resulting from plastic deformation in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the clamping force of the caulking portion is generated. In addition, a groove is formed between the pressure receiving shoulder portion and an end serving as the caulking portion.

Abstract: A plurality of prisms 23e which make an input angle of light from an LED 21 with respect to a rear surface of a light guiding body 23 gradually small are provided on a light emission plane 23b of the light guiding body 23, and a plurality of prisms 24b which cause the light from the LED 21 to be totally reflected to front in an interface between a rear surface of a low refractive index layer 24 and an air layer are provided on the rear surface of the light guiding plate 22. The light guiding plate 22 further includes an inclined plane 30 which is inclined to an optical axis O of the light from the LED 21. The inclined plane 30 is configured so as to cause input light to be reflected in the direction which is close to the optical axis O.

Abstract: In an expansion sheet for a rotary electric machine that has a thermal expansion property and is to be arranged between a core and a coil conductor in a slot in the rotary electric machine, in which the coil conductor is housed in the slot formed in the core, the expansion sheet has a first surface and a second surface and includes: a first surface-side portion; and a second surface-side portion that is closer to the second surface than the first surface-side portion, wherein an amount of volume increase, caused by heating, of the first surface-side portion is higher than an amount of volume increase, caused by the heating, of the second surface-side portion.