Abstract: A titanium oxide particle includes bonded thereon a metal-containing compound which has a hydrocarbon group, wherein the titanium oxide particle has an absorption at 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, and with respect to a surface of the particle, an element ratio M/Ti between metal M of the metal-containing compound and titanium is from 0.1 to 0.4 and an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium is from 0.3 to 1.2.

Abstract: A metatitanic acid particle includes a metal compound having a titanium metal atom and a carbon atom, and being bonded to a surface of the particle via an oxygen atom, wherein an element ratio (C/Ti) between carbon and titanium on the surface is in a range of 0.2 to 1.1 and the metatitanic acid particle has an absorption at a wavelength of each of 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum.

Abstract: A titanium oxide particle includes a metal compound having a titanium metal atom and a carbon atom, and being bonded to a surface of the particle via an oxygen atom, wherein an element ratio (C/Ti) between carbon and titanium on the surface is in a range of 0.2 to 1.1 and the titanium oxide particle has an absorption at a wavelength of each of 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum.

Abstract: A resin particle composition includes resin particles, inorganic particles surface-treated with oil, and silica particles having a compression aggregation degree of 60% to 95% and a particle compression ratio of 0.20 to 0.40.

Abstract: A titanium oxide particle includes a metal compound having a metal atom and a carbon atom and being bonded to a surface through an oxygen atom. The titanium oxide particle has absorption at a wavelength of 450 nm and a wavelength of 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum and satisfies 0.03?A?0.3 where A represents a value of {(peak intensity of C—O bond+peak intensity of C?O bond)/(peak intensity of C—C bond+peak intensity of C?C bond)} in an XPS spectrum of a carbon 1s orbital.

Abstract: Metatitanic acid particles have absorption at wavelengths of 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, have a surface to which a metal compound having a metal atom and a carbon atom is bonded through an oxygen atom, and satisfy the following inequality: 0.03?A?0.3, wherein A represents a value of {(peak intensity of C—O bond+peak intensity of C?O bond)/(peak intensity of C—C bond+peak intensity of C?C bond} in a C 1s XPS spectrum.

Abstract: A resin particle composition includes resin particles, polishing agent particles having an average circle-equivalent diameter of 0.1 ?m to 3.0 ?m, and silica particles having a compression aggregation degree of 60% to 95% and a particle compression ratio of 0.20 to 0.40.

Abstract: Electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer on an outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate, and an inorganic protective layer on an outer peripheral surface of the organic photosensitive layer, the inorganic protective layer containing gallium and oxygen. A volume resistivity of an inner region of the inorganic protective layer, the inner region extending 0.2 ?m or about 0.2 ?m from an inner peripheral surface of the inorganic protective layer in a thickness direction, and a volume resistivity of an outer region of the inorganic protective layer, the outer region extending 0.2 ?m or about 0.2 ?m from an outer peripheral surface of the inorganic protective layer in the thickness direction, are both 6.0×107 ?·cm or more and 4.0×108 ?·cm or less or about 6.0×107 ?·cm or more and about 4.0×108 ?·cm or less.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing toner contains: toner particles, first silica particles having an average equivalent circle diameter of 10 nm to 120 nm and second silica particles having a compressive agglomeration degree of 60% to 95%, a particle compression ratio of 0.20 to 0.40 and an average equivalent circle diameter being greater than the average equivalent circle diameter of the first silica particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive base; an organic photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive base, the organic photosensitive layer including a layer that constitutes a surface and contains a charge transport material, a binder resin having a viscosity-average molecular weight less than about 50,000, and silica particles in an amount of about 40% by weight or more; and an inorganic protective layer disposed on the organic photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A titanium oxide particle includes a metal having a hydrocarbon group, which is bonded to a surface of the titanium oxide particle through an oxygen atom, and absorbs light having a wavelength of 450 nm and light having a wavelength of 750 nm, wherein an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium Ti in a surface of the titanium oxide particle is from 0.3 to 1.2, and a reduced amount of C/Ti on the surface of the titanium oxide particle before and after irradiation with an ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 352 nm and at an irradiation intensity of 1.3 mW/cm2 for 20 hours is from 0.1 to 0.9.

Abstract: A metatitanic acid particle includes a metal having a hydrocarbon group, which is bonded to a surface of the metatitanic acid particle through an oxygen atom, and absorbs light having a wavelength of 450 nm and light having a wavelength of 750 nm, wherein an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium Ti in a surface of the metatitanic acid particle is from 0.3 to 1.2, and a reduced amount of C/Ti on the surface of the metatitanic acid particle before and after irradiation with an ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 352 nm and at an irradiation intensity of 1.3 mW/cm2 for 20 hours is from 0.1 to 0.9.

Abstract: A metatitanic acid particle including bonded thereon a metal-containing compound which has a hydrocarbon group, wherein the metatitanic acid particle has an absorption at 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, and with respect to a surface of the particle, an element ratio M/Ti between metal M of the metal-containing compound and titanium is from 0.1 to 0.4 and an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium is from 0.3 to 1.2.

Abstract: A titanium oxide particle includes bonded thereon a metal-containing compound which has a hydrocarbon group, wherein the titanium oxide particle has an absorption at 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, and with respect to a surface of the particle, an element ratio M/Ti between metal M of the metal-containing compound and titanium is from 0.1 to 0.4 and an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium is from 0.3 to 1.2.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic image development includes toner particles; and an external additive containing silica particles and polytetrafluorethylene particles, the silica particles having a compression-aggregation degree of 60% or more and 95% or less and a particle compression ratio of 0.20 or more and 0.40 or less.

Abstract: Electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer on an outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate, and an inorganic protective layer on an outer peripheral surface of the organic photosensitive layer, the inorganic protective layer containing gallium and oxygen. A volume resistivity of an inner region of the inorganic protective layer, the inner region extending 0.2 ?m or about 0.2 ?m from an inner peripheral surface of the inorganic protective layer in a thickness direction, and a volume resistivity of an outer region of the inorganic protective layer, the outer region extending 0.2 ?m or about 0.2 ?m from an outer peripheral surface of the inorganic protective layer in the thickness direction, are both 6.0×107 ?·cm or more and 4.0×108 ?·cm or less or about 6.0×107 ?·cm or more and about 4.0×108 ?·cm or less.

Abstract: Provided are methods of preparing silica particles having two maximum values in number particle size distribution, wherein in the two maximum values, a particle size ratio (a maximum value of a small-size side/a maximum value of a large-size side) between a maximum value of a large-size side and a maximum value of a small-size side is from 0.02 to 0.3, and a number ratio (a number of silica particles having a maximum value of the small-size side/number of silica particles having a maximum value of the large-size side) is from 1 to 100, and particles within a range of 10% from the large-size side of the silica particles have an average circularity of from 0.65 to 0.90 and an average shrinkage ratio of from 10 to 50.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin, and an external additive including silica particles having a compression aggregation degree is from 60% to 95% and a particle compression ratio is from 0.20 to 0.40, and resin particles containing a polymer obtained by polymerizing a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer.

Abstract: A unit for an image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, and a surface layer provided so as to contact with an outermost surface of the photosensitive layer, and an exposure section that exposes the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a light having a wavelength (?) (nm) so as to form an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein a surface roughness (Rz1) (nm) of the outermost surface of the photosensitive layer satisfies an expression of [(Rz1)?(?)/(4×(n2))] where a refractive index of the surface layer is set as (n2), and an outermost surface of the surface layer has a surface shape different from the outermost surface of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles and an external additive that includes silica particles having a compression aggregation degree of 60% to 95% and a particle compression ratio of 0.20 to 0.40 and fatty acid metal salt particles.