Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a power converter capable of preventing upsizing of a chip on which a switching element is formed and detecting the temperature in a switching operation of the switching element. A power converter includes: an IGBT connected between an IGBT connected to the positive electrode side of a variable power supply and the negative electrode side of the variable power supply; a temperature detection resistor element connected to a gate to which a gate signal for controlling the switching operation of the IGBT is input and detecting the temperature of the IGBT; and a detector detecting the temperature level of the IGBT based on the voltage of the gate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a power converter capable of preventing upsizing of a chip on which a switching element is formed and detecting the temperature in a switching operation of the switching element. A power converter includes: an IGBT connected between an IGBT connected to the positive electrode side of a variable power supply and the negative electrode side of the variable power supply; a temperature detection resistor element connected to a gate to which a gate signal for controlling the switching operation of the IGBT is input and detecting the temperature of the IGBT; and a detector detecting the temperature level of the IGBT based on the voltage of the gate.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of preparing a biological tissue sample and a method of observing a biological tissue section sample that enable stereoscopic observation of a biological tissue easily and rapidly without destroying a biological tissue piece. The method of observing a biological tissue sample according to the invention is a method in which stereoscopic morphology of a biological tissue sample is observed, and the method includes: cutting out a sample having a thickness of 15 to 50 ?m from a sample block obtained by fixing, dehydrating, and paraffin-embedding a sample cut out from a biological tissue; transferring the sample to a surface-treated slide glass; stretching the sample on the slide glass; performing deparaffinization processing; then, staining the sample with a heavy metal-based staining agent; and observing the stained sample with a scanning electron microscope.

Abstract: A semiconductor module includes an insulation circuit substrate in which circuit patterns are formed on an upper surface of an insulation plate, switching elements that are arranged on an upper surface of the circuit patterns, a first heat dissipation plate that is arranged on a lower surface of the insulation plate, a casing member that surrounds a periphery of the insulation circuit substrate, the switching elements, and the first heat dissipation plate such that a lower surface of the first heat dissipation plate is exposed, and a second heat dissipation plate that is arranged on an upper surface side of the switching elements such that a prescribed gap is provided. The casing member has notch portions having a depth corresponding to a thickness of the second heat dissipation plate. At least a portion of the second heat dissipation plate engages with the notch portions.

Abstract: A semiconductor module includes an insulation circuit substrate in which circuit patterns are formed on an upper surface of an insulation plate, switching elements that are arranged on an upper surface of the circuit patterns, a first heat dissipation plate that is arranged on a lower surface of the insulation plate, a casing member that surrounds a periphery of the insulation circuit substrate, the switching elements, and the first heat dissipation plate such that a lower surface of the first heat dissipation plate is exposed, and a second heat dissipation plate that is arranged on an upper surface side of the switching elements such that a prescribed gap is provided. The casing member has notch portions having a depth corresponding to a thickness of the second heat dissipation plate. At least a portion of the second heat dissipation plate engages with the notch portions.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of preparing a biological tissue sample and a method of observing a biological tissue section sample that enable stereoscopic observation of a biological tissue easily and rapidly without destroying a biological tissue piece. The method of observing a biological tissue sample according to the invention is a method in which stereoscopic morphology of a biological tissue sample is observed, and the method includes: cutting out a sample having a thickness of 15 to 50 ?m from a sample block obtained by fixing, dehydrating, and paraffin-embedding a sample cut out from a biological tissue; transferring the sample to a surface-treated slide glass; stretching the sample on the slide glass; performing deparaffinization processing; then, staining the sample with a heavy metal-based staining agent; and observing the stained sample with a scanning electron microscope.

Abstract: A sublimation defrost system for a refrigeration apparatus including: a cooling device in a freezer, and includes a casing containing a heat exchanger pipe; a refrigerating device for cooling and liquefying a CO2 refrigerant; and a refrigerant circuit connected to the heat exchanger pipe permitting the cooled and liquefied CO2 refrigerant to circulate. The defrost system includes: a dehumidifier device; a CO2 circulation path in the heat exchanger pipe, an on-off valve in the heat exchanger; a circulating unit for the CO2 refrigerant; a first heat exchanger part exchanging heat between a brine as a first heating medium and the circulating CO2 refrigerant; and a pressure adjusting unit for the circulating CO2 refrigerant during defrosting so that a condensing temperature of the CO2 refrigerant becomes equal to or lower than a freezing point of a water vapor in the freezer inner air without a drain receiving unit.

Abstract: A sublimation defrost system for a refrigeration apparatus including: a cooling device in a freezer, and includes a casing containing a heat exchanger pipe; a refrigerating device for cooling and liquefying a CO2 refrigerant; and a refrigerant circuit connected to the heat exchanger pipe permitting the cooled and liquefied CO2 refrigerant to circulate. The defrost system includes: a dehumidifier device; a CO2 circulation path in the heat exchanger pipe, an on-off valve in the heat exchanger; a circulating unit for the CO2 refrigerant; a first heat exchanger part exchanging heat between a brine as a first heating medium and the circulating CO2 refrigerant; and a pressure adjusting unit for the circulating CO2 refrigerant during defrosting so that a condensing temperature of the CO2 refrigerant becomes equal to or lower than a freezing point of a water vapor in the freezer inner air without a drain receiving unit.

Abstract: A compact, inexpensive, and low-power-consumption beer server that controls beer temperature at nearly 0° C. and prevents the beer from freezing. The beer server includes a beer tank 12, a primary cooling tank 16, and a secondary cooling tank 18. Beer in the beer tank 12 is cooled to 2 to 5° C. in the primary cooling tank 16. Thereafter, the beer is cooled to 0° C. in the secondary cooling tank 18. A control unit 50 controls agitation fins 22 so that a beer temperature T1 at an outlet of the primary cooling tank 16 is a predetermined temperature of 2 to 5° C. The secondary cooling unit 18 is composed of two heat exchangers 30a and 30b. The control unit 50 controls refrigerant supplied to heat exchangers 30a and 30b so that a beer temperature T2 at an outlet of the secondary cooling tank 18 is a predetermined temperature of nearly 0° C.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the invention, a receiving apparatus includes a receiving unit, a reverse conversion unit, and an extracting unit. The receiving unit receives conversion data which is generated, based on a predetermined first rule, by converting transmission data including a plurality of bits and data including an error detection code for detecting an error of the transmission data. The reverse conversion unit reverse-converts, based on a predetermined second rule, the conversion data received by the receiving unit and reverse data generated by reversing a part of bits of the received conversion data to generate a plurality of reverse conversion data. The extracting unit extracts, from the plurality of the reverse conversion data, the reverse conversion data for which an error is not detected in an error detection based on the error detection code.

Abstract: A data control device includes: a switch portion that has a plurality of first terminals on an upstream side, a plurality of second terminals on a downstream side, and a circuit portion that optionally switches a connection between the first terminals and the second terminals based on an external switching signal; and at least one control portion that has a first input/output portion on the upstream side and a second input/output portion on the downstream side, wherein the second input/output portion is connected to the first terminal of the switch portion and the first input/output portion is connected to the second terminal of the switch portion, and wherein the at least one control portion controls an input/output of data between the first input/output portion and the second input/output portion.

Abstract: A data transfer apparatus includes a transmitting unit, a transmission controlling unit, and a generating unit. The transmitting unit transmits transmit data over a transmission channel having a plurality of lines, such that the transmit data are assigned to the plurality of lines by information unit of the transmit data, the information unit. The transmission controlling unit appends control data to transfer data to be transferred to a receiving side to compose the transmit data, the control data being for controlling transmission and reception of the transfer data. The generating unit obtains information about the number of the lines. The generating unit determines, based on the number of the lines and the number of information units of the control data, the number of information units of the transfer data that makes the number of information units of the transmit data integral multiple of the number of the lines.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the invention, a receiving apparatus includes a receiving unit, a reverse conversion unit, and an extracting unit. The receiving unit receives conversion data which is generated, based on a predetermined first rule, by converting transmission data including a plurality of bits and data including an error detection code for detecting an error of the transmission data. The reverse conversion unit reverse-converts, based on a predetermined second rule, the conversion data received by the receiving unit and reverse data generated by reversing a part of bits of the received conversion data to generate a plurality of reverse conversion data. The extracting unit extracts, from the plurality of the reverse conversion data, the reverse conversion data for which an error is not detected in an error detection based on the error detection code.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus includes a packet generation section, a frame encoding section, a transmission section, a reception section, a frame decoding section and a packet extraction section. The packet generation section generates a packet upon request. The frame encoding section generates a frame having a predetermined length by dividing the packet or adding dummy data to the packet and generates an error-correcting-code-added frame by adding an error correcting code to the frame. The transmission section transmits the generated error-correcting-code-added frame through a transmission line. The reception section receives the error-correcting-code-added frame. The frame decoding section performs an error detection and an error correction for the error-correcting-code-added frame. The packet extraction section extracts the packet by removing the error correcting code from the error-correcting-code-added frame for which the error detection and the error correction have been performed.

Abstract: A data transfer apparatus includes a transmitting unit, a transmission controlling unit, and a generating unit. The transmitting unit transmits transmit data over a transmission channel having a plurality of lines, such that the transmit data are assigned to the plurality of lines by information unit of the transmit data, the information unit. The transmission controlling unit appends control data to transfer data to be transferred to a receiving side to compose the transmit data, the control data being for controlling transmission and reception of the transfer data. The generating unit obtains information about the number of the lines. The generating unit determines, based on the number of the lines and the number of information units of the control data, the number of information units of the transfer data that makes the number of information units of the transmit data integral multiple of the number of the lines.

Abstract: A semiconductor storage device includes an external input/output port. A system bus of a server, which is extended to outside of the server, is connected to the external input/output port directly as a serial interface.

Abstract: A data control device includes: a switch portion that has a plurality of first terminals on an upstream side, a plurality of second terminals on a downstream side, and a circuit portion that optionally switches a connection between the first terminals and the second terminals based on an external switching signal; and at least one control portion that has a first input/output portion on the upstream side and a second input/output portion on the downstream side, wherein the second input/output portion is connected to the first terminal of the switch portion and the first input/output portion is connected to the second terminal of the switch portion, and wherein the at least one control portion controls an input/output of data between the first input/output portion and the second input/output portion.

Abstract: A computer readable medium stores a program causing a computer to execute a process for error recovery. The process includes: when an error is detected during transfer of dummy data for maintaining a link, executing device reset to recover from the error, and monitoring whether or not another error occurs during an error monitoring period starting from the device reset; when the other error occurs during the error monitoring period, executing the device reset to recover from the other error, monitoring whether or not still another error occurs during the error monitoring period starting from the device reset; counting number of the successive error monitoring periods in each of which the error occurs; and judging an error occurrence state based on a result of the counting.

Abstract: For signals to be transmitted through a signal transmission path constituted by a relay device group for relay for each set of a plurality of channels, a timing adjustment unit is provided in both or one of a receiver-side LSI and a transmitter-side LSI for each set of a plurality of channels transmitted through the relay device group for relay so that the signals can be transmitted with accurate timing. In addition, the timing adjustment unit can adjust the timing for signals transmitted through each relay device group, the timing in one receiver-side LSI in signal transmission through a plurality of relay device groups, and the timing in one-to-many signal transmission in which signals are transmitted from one transmitter-side LSI to a plurality of receiver-side LSIs.

Abstract: For signals to be transmitted through a signal transmission path constituted by a relay device group for relay for each set of a plurality of channels, a timing adjustment unit is provided in both or one of a receiver-side LSI and a transmitter-side LSI for each set of a plurality of channels transmitted through the relay device group for relay so that the signals can be transmitted with accurate timing. In addition, the timing adjustment unit can adjust the timing for signals transmitted through each relay device group, the timing in one receiver-side LSI in signal transmission through a plurality of relay device groups, and the timing in one-to-many signal transmission in which signals are transmitted from one transmitter-side LSI to a plurality of receiver-side LSIs.