Abstract: An anchoring device includes a barrel member which is composed of resin or mortar and has a through hole in a tapered shape, multiple wedge members which each have an outer peripheral surface having a tapered shape and slidably contacting an inner peripheral surface of the through hole and which cooperate with each other to grip a wire, and fibers as a reinforcement member extending in a circumferential direction of the barrel member to suppress the diameter expansion deformation of the barrel member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode having: an electrode substrate; and a catalyst layer containing a hydrophilic catalyst and a hydrophobic binder, which is carried on the electrode substrate, wherein the electrode substrate contains at least one carbon material selected from a carbon cloth, a carbon paper, a foamed carbon material, and a sintered carbon material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas diffusion electrode having: an electrode substrate; and a catalyst layer containing a hydrophilic catalyst and a hydrophobic binder, which is carried on the electrode substrate, wherein the electrode substrate contains at least one carbon material selected from a carbon cloth, a carbon paper, a foamed carbon material, and a sintered carbon material.

Abstract: Using the Langmuir-Blodgett's technique and a compound represented by the general formula CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.n (CH.sub.2).sub.m --X, wherein X is a hydrophilic group, preferably --COOH, n is from 5 to 20 and m is from 0 to 10, a firm built-up film having a desired number of monomolecular layers can surely be formed on a solid substrate surface by spreading a monomolecular film of the fluorinated compound on an aqueous phase containing trivalent metal ions. In the obtained built-up film the CF.sub.3 -terminated molecules are well oriented in the direction of the thickness of the film. The built-up film fully exhibits extreme hydrophobicity, high insulation, low refraction and other properties characteristic of the fluorine-containing compound.