Abstract: A cleaning member for an image forming apparatus includes a core and an elastic layer that is formed by a strip-shaped elastic member helically wound around an outer peripheral surface of the core. The cleaning member satisfies the following formula (1): 0.7<t/T<1.0??(1) where t (mm) denotes a thickness of the elastic layer, the thickness being taken in a central portion in a helical width direction of the elastic layer, and T (mm) denotes a thickness of the central portion of the strip-shaped elastic member in a width direction before wound around the outer peripheral surface of the core.

Abstract: A cleaning member for an image forming apparatus includes a core and an elastic layer helically put on an outer peripheral surface of the core and including a first elastic layer and a second elastic layer, the first elastic layer being an outermost layer and the second elastic layer being located closer to the core than the first elastic layer and having a compression set smaller than that of the first elastic layer.

Abstract: A cleaning unit includes a shaft that is rotatable; an elastic layer that is spirally wound around and fixed to the shaft, the elastic layer contacting and cleaning an object to be cleaned; a pressed portion that protrudes from each end portion of the elastic layer in an axial direction of the shaft, in a part of the each end portion with respect to a width direction of the elastic layer; and a pressing member that is arranged at an end portion of the shaft in the axial direction, the pressing member pressing the pressed portion between the pressing member and the shaft.

Abstract: A defect detection method for a sensor in which a fixing member provides a seal between a sensor element and tubular metallic members, the method being capable of detecting breakage of a conductor caused by breakage of the element.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning member for an image forming apparatus, including: a shaft body; and an elastic material that is wound on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body in a spiral shape, the elastic material satisfying the following expressions. (A1): 1<Tb/Ta<1.75. (A2): 0.5<Ta<4.0. In expressions (A1) and (A2), Ta represents a thickness of a center portion in the spiral width direction of the elastic material in millimeters, and Tb represents a thickness of both end portions in the spiral width direction of the elastic material in millimeters.

Abstract: A cleaning member for an image forming apparatus includes a core member, a foamed elastic layer in which two or more strip-shaped foamed elastic members connected together at one or both of longitudinal end portions are spirally wound around the outer peripheral surface of the core member from one end of the core member to the other end thereof, and an adhesive layer for bonding the core member and the foamed elastic layer together.

Abstract: A cleaning member for an image forming apparatus, includes a core, a foamed elastic layer disposed by winding a strip-shaped foamed elastic member on an outer peripheral surface of the core in a helical form so as to extend from one end of the core to the other end, and a bonding layer for bonding the core and the foamed elastic layer together, wherein the area of a region within a surface at one or both ends at least in a longitudinal direction of the foamed elastic layer on a side facing the outer peripheral surface of the core, contacting the outer peripheral surface of the core via the bonding layer is substantially 35% or more by area ratio per unit area.

Abstract: A charging unit is provided, the charging unit including: a charging member; and a charging member clean-up member having an elastic layer, the elastic layer containing a silicon oil, wherein a silicone concentration in analyzing the charging member by an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy satisfies following condition: about 1 atm %?(difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the silicone concentration in Si2p detected by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy above the charging member)?about 3 atm %.

Abstract: A charging device includes: a charging component, and a cleaning member for the charging component, containing a substrate and an elastic layer that contains a silicone oil and is arranged in a spiral form on an outer surface of the substrate, the charging device being satisfying a following formula: A?6 atomic % wherein A is a maximum value of the contents of Si atom constituting a siloxane skeleton with respect to total atoms at a contact part where the charging component is brought into contact with the elastic layer and at a non-contact part where the charging component is not brought into contact with the elastic layer, in which the contents of Si atom are obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of a surface of the charging component after preparing the elastic layer of the cleaning member for the charging component in an initial state and the charging component in an initial state to bring into contact with each other for 24 hours.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting an abnormality of a nitrogen oxide purifying catalyst using an NOx sensor, the method including: calculating a detection integrated value by integrating corresponding values corresponding to the NOx sensor output signal obtained until a first predetermined detection period has elapsed after the NOx sensor begins to generate an output signal and subtracting a variation integrated value. The variation integrated value is calculated by integrating corresponding values obtained until a predetermined second detection period has elapsed after the NOx sensor beings to generate an output signal when driven in a gas atmosphere having a constant nitrogen oxide concentration.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for individually detecting NO and NO2 concentrations as NOX components of an object gas. An NO concentration corresponding value is obtained from a first detection element not having a reduction section. An NO concentration corresponding value is obtained from a second detection element having a reduction section, and having an NO2/NO sensitivity ratio greater than that of the first detection element. The difference ?C between the NO concentration corresponding values of the two detection elements is obtained, and divided by the difference ?S between the NO2/NO sensitivity ratios of the two detection elements, whereby an NO2 concentration corresponding value is obtained. A value obtained by multiplying the NO2 concentration corresponding value by the NO2/NO sensitivity ratio of the second detection element is subtracted from the NO concentration corresponding value of the second detection element, whereby an NO concentration corresponding value is obtained.

Abstract: A method for producing adamantane by performing an isomerization reaction in two stages using endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene and/or exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene as a starting material, wherein in a first-stage isomerization reaction from endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane) to exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane), an HF catalyst alone or two catalysts of an HF catalyst and a BF3 catalyst are used in the absence of a solvent; and in a second-stage isomerization reaction from exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane) to adamantane (tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane), an HF catalyst and a BF3 catalyst are used in the absence of a solvent.

Abstract: A charging device includes: a charging component, and a cleaning member for the charging component, containing a substrate and an elastic layer that contains a silicone oil and is arranged in a spiral form on an outer surface of the substrate, the charging device being satisfying a following formula: A?6 atomic % wherein A is a maximum value of the contents of Si atom constituting a siloxane skeleton with respect to total atoms at a contact part where the charging component is brought into contact with the elastic layer and at a non-contact part where the charging component is not brought into contact with the elastic layer, in which the contents of Si atom are obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of a surface of the charging component after preparing the elastic layer of the cleaning member for the charging component in an initial state and the charging component in an initial state to bring into contact with each other for 24 hours.

Abstract: A cleaning unit includes a shaft that is rotatable; an elastic layer that is spirally wound around and fixed to the shaft, the elastic layer contacting and cleaning the object to be cleaned; a pressed portion that protrudes from each end portion of the elastic layer in an axial direction of the shaft, in a part of the each end portion with respect to a width direction of the elastic layer; and a pressing member that is arranged at an end portion of the shaft in the axial direction, the pressing member pressing the pressed portion between the pressing member and the shaft.

Abstract: A gas sensor including: a gas sensing element including first and second ceramic layers. The first ceramic layer has a first through hole and a first through hole conductor covering an inner surface thereof. The first ceramic layer includes a first conductor which includes: a first peripheral conductive portion electrically connected to the first through hole conductor; a first lead portion that is narrower than the first peripheral conductive portion; and a first contact conductive portion that is wider than the first lead portion. The first peripheral conductive portion, the first lead portion and the first contact conductive portion are integrally formed and arranged in this order in a longitudinal direction. The second ceramic layer includes a second conductor electrically connected to at least the first contact conductive portion.

Abstract: [Objective] To provide a gas sensor in which the insulation among conduction members is stably secured through stable maintenance of the insulation property of a separator provided within a sheath, whereby a normal output can be obtained from a detection element. [Means for Solution] Coating layers 64 and 69 of fluorine or a fluorine compound are formed on the surface of a separator 60 (a front separator 61 and a rear separator 66) of an NOx sensor. The coating layers 64 and 69 have water impermeability and water repellency. Even in the case where moisture contained in the atmosphere within a sheath 30 forms dew on the surface of the separator 60, the coating layers 64 and 69 having water impermeability prevent soaking of moisture into the separator 60, to thereby secure the insulation property of the separator 60.

Abstract: A cleaning member for an image forming apparatus includes a core and an elastic layer that is formed by a strip-shaped elastic member helically wound around an outer peripheral surface of the core. The cleaning member satisfies the following formula (1): 0.7<t/T<1.0??(1) where t (mm) denotes a thickness of the elastic layer, the thickness being taken in a central portion in a helical width direction of the elastic layer, and T (mm) denotes a thickness of the central portion of the strip-shaped elastic member in a width direction before wound around the outer peripheral surface of the core.

Abstract: A cleaning member for an image forming apparatus includes a core and an elastic layer helically put on an outer peripheral surface of the core and including a first elastic layer and a second elastic layer, the first elastic layer being the outermost layer and the second elastic layer being located closer to the core than the first elastic layer and having a compression set smaller than that of the first elastic layer.

Abstract: In order to compensate for variation in output of sensor elements 10, there is provided a compensating resistor 220 that has a resistance value reflected by correction information. The resistor 220 is connected in parallel with a VS cell 245 through paired electrode leads 236 and 237 and paired electrode pads 232 and 233. The paired electrode leads 236 and 237 are placed at a position electrically isolated from solid electrolyte substrates 120 and 140.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning member for an image forming apparatus, including: a shaft body; and an elastic material that is wound on the outer peripheral surface nun of the shaft body in a spiral shape, the elastic material satisfying the following expressions. (A1): 1<Tb/Ta<1.75. (A2): 0.5<Ta<4.0. In expressions (A1) and (A2), Ta represents a thickness of a center portion in the spiral width direction of the elastic material in millimeters and Tb represents a thickness of both end portions in the spiral width direction of the elastic material in millimeters.