Abstract: One embodiment provides a data transfer device, including: a register configured to set an upper limit value for a transfer data size; and a transfer size controller configured to compare the upper limit value and the transfer data size sent from an external device, and to reduce the transfer data size when the transfer data size is larger than the upper limit value.

Abstract: A method of forming a nonvolatile memory device which includes forming a first gate electrode on a gate insulating film formed on a semiconductor substrate. The first gate electrode having a lower portion formed on the gate insulating film and an upper portion having a gate length less than that of the lower portion formed on the lower portion. A spacer is formed contacting surfaces of the upper and lower portions, wherein a length of the spacer and the upper portion equals the length of the lower portion. An electric charge trapping film covers a portion of the semiconductor substrate, a surface of the lower portion, and a surface of the spacer. A second gate electrode is then formed in a side direction of the first gate electrode and electrically insulated from the first gate electrode by the electric charge trapping film.

Abstract: A pretreatment method for saccharification of plant fiber materials includes: immersing the plant fiber material in a solution that contains an organic solvent, in which a cluster acid is dissolved, prior to saccharifying cellulose contained in the plant fiber material; and distilling off the organic solvent from the immersed plant fiber material to obtain a pretreated mixture that contains the cluster acid and the pretreated plant fiber material.

Abstract: A method of forming a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device includes forming a semiconductor substrate, forming upper and lower portions of a first gate electrode on a gate insulating film formed on the semiconductor substrate, the lower portion of the first gate electrode formed on the gate insulating film, the upper portion of the first gate electrode formed on the lower portion of the first gate electrode and having a gate length which is less than a gate length of the lower portion of the first gate electrode, forming a spacer insulating film to contact respective surfaces of the upper and lower portions of the first gate electrode, in which a length of the spacer insulating film combined with the gate length of the upper portion of the first gate electrode is equal to the gate length of the lower portion of the first gate electrode, forming an electric charge trapping film covering a portion of the semiconductor substrate, a surface of the lower portion of the first gate electrode, and a surface of the

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a high-purity aqueous saccharide solution by increasing the collection rate of cluster acid which is a hydrolysis catalyst for cellulose in saccharification and separation for cellulose using a cluster acid catalyst.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device includes: a semiconductor substrate; a first gate electrode formed on the semiconductor substrate through a gate insulating film; a second gate electrode formed in a side direction of the first gate electrode and electrically insulated from the first gate electrode; and an insulating film formed at least between the semiconductor substrate and the second gate electrode to trap electric charge, as an electric charge trapping film. The first gate electrode comprises a lower portion contacting the gate insulating film and an upper portion above the lower portion of the first gate electrode, and a distance between the upper portion of the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode is longer than a distance between the lower portion of the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hydrolyzing the plant fiber material to produce and separate a saccharide including glucose. The method includes a hydrolysis process of hydrolyzing cellulose contained in the plant fiber material and producing glucose in a first organic solvent having a cluster acid catalyst dissolved therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hydrolyzing a plant fiber material and producing and separating a saccharide including glucose. The method of the invention includes a hydrolysis process of using a cluster acid catalyst in a pseudo-molten state to hydrolyze cellulose contained in the plant fiber material and produce glucose. In the hydrolysis process, the cluster acid catalyst and a first amount of the plant fiber material that increases a viscosity of the cluster acid catalyst in a pseudo-molten state when added to the cluster acid catalyst in a pseudo-molten state are heated and mixed, and a second amount of the plant fiber material is then further added when the decrease in viscosity of the heated mixture occurs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hydrolyzing a plant fiber material to produce and separate a saccharide including glucose. The method includes a hydrolysis process of using a cluster acid catalyst in a pseudo-molten state to hydrolyze cellulose contained in the plant fiber material, and produce glucose. The cluster acid catalyst is subjected to a clustering enhancing treatment by which clustering of the cluster acid catalyst in a crystalline state is enhanced.

Abstract: In the optical deflector, the mean width of profile elements of a cross section of the deflection surface in the sub scan direction is set to be less than the spacing between spots of the light beams formed in the sub scan direction of the deflection surface. This makes it possible to prevent a variation in the size and shape of the spots of the light beams deflected by the deflection surface due to the undulation (unevenness) of the deflection surface. As a result, it is able to suppress a decrease of the granularity of images and form images with high quality.

Abstract: Data delivery apparatus communicate with a plurality of terminals via a communication network. Member table stores a member ID and attribute data of each member. When a member logs in via a terminal, its communication address is written into the table in association with its member ID. When a command requesting delivery of particular data has been received from a terminal, the delivery apparatus refers to the table, on the basis of the communication address of the terminal having transmitted the command, to determine whether the attribute data corresponding to the member ID is indicative of a predetermined attribute. If so, the delivery apparatus reads out the particular data from a database and broadcasts the particular data to all of terminal apparatus having their respective communication addresses stored in the table. The delivery apparatus can broadcast data, transmitted from a terminal, to all of the members, with reference to the table.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a storage device includes an actuator to move a head to a position on a disk medium; a module to record or reproduce data to or from the disk medium using the head; a memory controller to write or read to or from a non-volatile memory; a buffer controller to write or read to or from a buffer memory; an interface controller to transmit and receive to or from an upper device; a switching module to switch data transfer paths among the module, the memory controller, and the interface controller; and an access controller to control the switching module to transfer data read from the non-volatile memory to the upper device concurrently with transferring and storing the read data in a cache region of the buffer memory, upon receiving from the upper device a command to read the data from the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device includes: a semiconductor substrate; a first gate electrode formed on the semiconductor substrate through a gate insulating film; a second gate electrode formed in a side direction of the first gate electrode and electrically insulated from the first gate electrode; and an insulating film formed at least between the semiconductor substrate and the second gate electrode to trap electric charge, as an electric charge trapping film. The first gate electrode comprises a lower portion contacting the gate insulating film and an upper portion above the lower portion of the first gate electrode, and a distance between the upper portion of the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode is longer than a distance between the lower portion of the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode.

Abstract: A management computer 21 extracts product type information from a product type data storing unit 23 based on an input product type identifier, and receives information about a selected shipment destination. Then, the management computer 21 extracts a permission type from a shipment destination specification data storing unit 22 based on the product type and a shipment destination identifier. Further, the management computer 21 determines whether or not permission about the permission type has been obtained. When the permission has been obtained, the management computer 21 extracts a permission identifier. The management computer 21 extracts rating information of the product type data based on record items of the shipment destination specification data, and provides an instance format of the rating label.

Abstract: The medical catheter tube of the present invention integrally has an inner layer tube; reinforcement material layers formed by placing element wires on the inner layer tube; a marker; and an outer layer tube. The element wires, which are first and the other element wires, for forming the reinforcement material layers are synthetic resin element wires and/or metallic element wires, the first element wires are placed in the axis direction of the catheter to form the first reinforcement material layer, and the other element wires are wound in a coil form on the first reinforcement material layer, in the circumferential direction of the catheter, to cover the first reinforcement material layer. The marker is flexible to deformation. Because of the presence of the reinforcement material layer and the outer layer tube, flexural rigidity from a base section to a head section is reduced in a stepped or continuous manner.

Abstract: There is provided a multimedia information encoding apparatus and a multimedia information reproducing apparatus which enables synchronzied reproduction of multimedia information such as audio data, video data, and text data and performance information such as MIDI data to be easily performed. The multimedia information encoding apparatus creates multimedia encoded data comprising data packets each having a header section that contains information on reproduction timing, and a data section that at least contains information to be reproduced based on performance information including event information. The event information is converted into corresponding text codes, and the text codes obtained by the conversion are stored as script data in the data sections of the data packets that correspond in reproduction timing to the text codes, and multimedia encoded data in which the data sections contain the event information converted into the text codes is created.

Abstract: An optical deflector, a method of producing the optical deflector, an optical scanning device, and an image forming apparatus are disclosed that are able to save resources, provide high reliability at low cost, and enable stacked and relatively-offset polygon mirrors to be arranged precisely. The optical deflector includes a rotary member supported by a bearing with plural polygon mirrors fixed thereon. The polygon mirrors are stacked along a rotation axis of the rotary member, the polygon mirrors are relatively offset by a predetermined angle in a rotation plane of the rotary member, and an effective deflection area of each of the reflection surfaces of any one of the polygon mirrors is positioned away from a center of the corresponding reflection surfaces of the other one of the polygon mirrors in the direction of the rotation axis.

Abstract: In the optical deflector, the mean width of profile elements of a cross section of the deflection surface in the sub scan direction is set to be less than to spacing between spots of the light beams formed in the sub scan direction of the deflection surface. This makes it possible to prevent a variation in the size and shape of the spots of the light beams deflected by the deflection surface due to the undulation (unevenness) of the deflection surface. As a result, it is able to suppress a decrease of the granularity of images and form images with high quality.

Abstract: A user accesses a sound data distribution server by operating a client terminal. The sound data distribution server transmits data for displaying a list of distributable music. The data are displayed on a display unit of the client terminal. While referring to the display on the display unit, the user requests the sound data distribution server for distribution of regular music data. This request is issued from the client terminal. A cellular phone to which the regular music data are to be distributed is specified by data (e.g., a mail address of the cellular phone) input at the client terminal. This enables the sound data distribution server to recognize the cellular phone and distribute the regular music data to the cellular phone.

Abstract: A user accesses a sound data distribution server by operating a client terminal. The sound data distribution server transmits data for displaying a list of distributable music. The data are displayed on a display unit of the client terminal. While referring to the display on the display unit, the user requests the sound data distribution server for distribution of regular music data. This request is issued from the client terminal. A cellular phone to which the regular music data are to be distributed is specified by data (e.g., a mail address of the cellular phone) input at the client terminal. This enables the sound data distribution server to recognize the cellular phone and distribute the regular music data to the cellular phone.