Abstract: A security apparatus includes a receiver that receives a frame front at least one network, a parameter storage that stores at least one examination parameter defining a content of an examination on a frame, and processing circuitry that performs operations. The operations include judging whether a predetermined condition is satisfied for the frame received by the receiver. When the predetermined condition is satisfied, updating the stored at least one examination parameter, and when the predetermined condition is not satisfied, not updating the stored at least one examination parameter. The operations also include executing an examination, based on the stored at least one examination parameter, as to whether the frame received by the receiver is an attack frame, and performing a process depending on a result of the execution of the examination such that an influence of an attack frame on at least one electronic control unit is suppressed.

Abstract: An electronic control unit is connected to a network in an in-vehicle network system. The electronic control unit includes a first control circuit and a second control circuit. The first control circuit is connected to the network via the second control circuit. The second control circuit performs a first determination process on a frame to determine conformity of the frame with a first rule. Upon determining that the frame conforms to the first rule, the second control circuit transmits the frame to the first control circuit. The first control circuit performs a second determination process on the frame to determine conformity of the frame with a second rule. The second rule is different from the first rule.

Abstract: An abnormality detection method is provided. The abnormality detection method is for detecting an abnormality that may be transmitted to a bus in an on-board network system. The on-board network system includes a plurality of electronic controllers that transmit and receive messages via the bus in a mobility entity. In the abnormality detection method, for example, a gateway transmits identification information to a server and receives a response determining a unit time. An operation process is performed using feature information based on a number of messages received from the bus per the determined unit time and using a model indicating a criterion in terms of a message occurrence frequency. A judgment is made as to an abnormality according to a result of the operation process.

Abstract: A vehicle monitoring apparatus includes: a first communicator that receives specifying information for specifying a target vehicle from a server; and an acquirer that acquires driving information from the target vehicle, the driving information being information regarding driving of the target vehicle specified by the specifying information received by the first communicator. The first communicator transmits the driving information acquired by the acquirer to the server. For example, the acquirer may acquire the driving information obtained from the target vehicle through communication.

Abstract: An electronic control unit is connected to a network in an in-vehicle network system. The electronic control unit includes a first control circuit and a second control circuit. The first control circuit is connected to the network via the second control circuit. The second control circuit performs a first determination process on a frame to determine conformity of the frame with a first rule. Upon determining that the frame conforms to the first rule, the second control circuit transmits the frame to the first control circuit. The first control circuit performs a second determination process on the frame to determine conformity of the frame with a second rule. The second rule is different from the first rule.

Abstract: A gateway device connected to a network used in communication by multiple electronic control units provided on-board a vehicle. The gateway device performs operations including receiving firmware update information that includes updated firmware for one electronic control unit among the electronic control units, and acquiring system configuration information indicating a function of each of the electronic control units connected to the network. The gateway device further performs a controlling operation to update firmware of the one electronic control unit, for which updated firmware is received by the receiving, on a basis of the updated firmware, after an operation verification of the updated firmware is performed in an operating environment appropriately. The operating environment being configured with electronic control units of the same functions as each of the electronic control units indicated by the system configuration information.

Abstract: A vehicle monitoring apparatus includes: a first communicator that receives specifying information for specifying a target vehicle from a server; and an acquirer that acquires driving information from the target vehicle, the driving information being information regarding driving of the target vehicle specified by the specifying information received by the first communicator. The first communicator transmits the driving information acquired by the acquirer to the server. For example, the acquirer may acquire the driving information obtained from the target vehicle through communication.

Abstract: A gateway that notifies a fraud detection server located outside a vehicle of information about an in-vehicle network system including an in-vehicle network includes: a priority determiner that determines a priority using at least one of: a state of the vehicle including the in-vehicle network system; an identifier of a message communicated on the in-vehicle network; and a result of fraud detection performed on the message; a frame transmitter-receiver that transmits and receives the message communicated on the in-vehicle network; a frame interpreter that extracts information about the in-vehicle network based on the message received by the frame transmitter-receiver; and a frame uploader that notifies the fraud detection server of notification information including the priority and the information about the in-vehicle network.

Abstract: An anomaly detection electronic control unit (ECU) that detects unauthorized messages on a communication path is provided. An ECU that periodically transmits a first-type message including data to be monitored, and an ECU that periodically transmits a second-type message including data for comparison, are connected to the communication path. The anomaly detection ECU includes: a receiver that successively receives first-type and second-type messages; a processor that determines whether a first-type message received is normal or anomalous; and a transmitter that transmits a predetermined message in accordance with results of the determining.

Abstract: A vehicle network system employing a controller area network protocol includes a bus, a first electronic control unit, and a second electronic control unit. The first electronic control unit transmits, via the bus, at least one data frame including an identifier relating to data used for a calculation for obtaining a message authentication code indicating authenticity of transmission content. The second electronic control unit receives the at least one data frame transmitted vis the bus and verifies the message authentication code in accordance with the identifier included in the at least one data frame.

Abstract: An anomalous vehicle detection server includes an anomaly score calculator that detects a suspicious behavior different from a predetermined driving behavior based on pieces of vehicle information that are received from a plurality of vehicles, respectively, and are each based on a vehicle log including the content of an event that has occurred in a vehicle system provided in the vehicle, and acquires an anomaly score of each of the plurality of vehicles that indicates a likelihood that reverse engineering is performed on the vehicle; and an anomalous vehicle determiner that determines whether one vehicle of the plurality of vehicles is an anomalous vehicle based on the anomaly score of the one vehicle and a statistical value of the anomaly scores of two or more vehicles of the plurality of vehicles.

Abstract: A vehicle surveillance device for an in-vehicle network system that includes one or more electronic control units includes: a frame transmitter and receiver that receives a frame flowing over the in-vehicle network system; and a score calculator that detects a suspicious behavior different from a normal driving behavior based on the frame received by the frame transmitter and receiver and vehicle data including information on one or more frames received by the frame transmitter and receiver prior to receiving the frame, and calculates, based on a detection result, a score indicating a likelihood that reverse engineering has been performed on a vehicle provided with the in-vehicle network system.

Abstract: An unauthorized frame detection device that can keep an unauthorized ECU from spoofing as a legitimate server or client while suppressing an overhead during communication is provided. The unauthorized frame detection device includes a plurality of communication ports corresponding to the respective of networks, a communication controller, and an unauthorized frame detector. The plurality of communication ports are each connected to a corresponding predetermined network among the plurality of networks and each transmit or receive a frame via the predetermined network. The unauthorized frame detector determines whether an identifier of a service, a type of the service, and port information that are each included in the frame match a permission rule set in advance and outputs a result of the determination.

Abstract: A method for use in a network communication system including a plurality of electronic controllers that communicate with each other via a bus in accordance with a Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol determines whether or not content of a predetermined field in a frame which has started to be transmitted meets a predetermined condition indicating fraud. In a case where the content of the predetermined field meets the predetermined condition, a frame including predetermined consecutive dominant bits for notifying an anomaly is transmitted before an end of the frame is transmitted. A number of times the frame including the predetermined consecutive dominant bits is transmitted is recorded for each identifier (ID) represented by content of an ID field included in a plurality of frames which has been transmitted. A malicious electronic controller is determined in accordance with the number of times recorded for each ID.

Abstract: A gateway that notifies a fraud detection server located outside a vehicle of information about an in-vehicle network system including an in-vehicle network includes: a priority determiner that determines a priority using at least one of: a state of the vehicle including the in-vehicle network system; an identifier of a message communicated on the in-vehicle network; and a result of fraud detection performed on the message; a frame transmitter-receiver that transmits and receives the message communicated on the in-vehicle network; a frame interpreter that extracts information about the in-vehicle network based on the message received by the frame transmitter-receiver; and a frame uploader that notifies the fraud detection server of notification information including the priority and the information about the in-vehicle network.

Abstract: An anomaly detection device (IDS ECU) includes a detection rule generator that monitors a communication establishment frame flowing over Ethernet in a communication establishment phase of service-oriented communication and that generates, for each communication ID, a detection rule including the communication ID written in the communication establishment frame and a server (or client) address written in the communication establishment frame; an anomaly detector that monitors a communication frame flowing over the Ethernet in a communication phase of the service-oriented communication and that, by referring to a detection rule that includes a communication ID written in the communication frame, detects the communication frame as an anomalous frame when a server (or client) address written in the communication frame differs from a server (or client) address included in the detection rule; and an anomaly notifier that provides a notification of an anomaly in response to the anomalous frame being detected.

Abstract: A vehicle network system employing a controller area network protocol includes a bus, a first electronic control unit, and a second electronic control unit. The first electronic control unit transmits, via the bus, at least one data frame including an identifier relating to data used for a calculation for obtaining a message authentication code indicating authenticity of transmission content. The second electronic control unit receives the at least one data frame transmitted via the bus and verifies the message authentication code in accordance with the identifier included in the at least one data frame.

Abstract: In an anomaly detection method that determines whether each frame in observation data constituted by a collection of frames sent and received over a communication network system is anomalous, a difference between a data distribution of a feature amount extracted from the frame in the observation data and a data distribution for a collection of frames sent and received over the communication network system, obtained at a different timing from the observation data, is calculated. A frame having a feature amount for which the difference is predetermined value or higher is determined to be an anomalous frame. An anomaly contribution level of feature amounts extracted from the frame determined to be an anomalous frame is calculated, and an anomalous payload part, which is at least one part of the payload corresponding to the feature amount for which the anomaly contribution level is at least the predetermined value, is output.

Abstract: In an anti-fraud control system, a first error monitoring device includes a first frame transmitting and receiving unit that receives a frame flowing on the on-board network; and a first error detector that causes transmission of an error notification frame for notifying of an occurrence of an error in the frame when detecting the occurrence of the error in the frame received by the first frame transmitting and receiving unit. Each of second error monitoring devices includes: a second frame transmitting and receiving unit that receives the error notification frame; and a second error detector that regards, as a frame to be invalidated, the frame subjected to the error and included in the received error notification frame, and shifts the second error monitoring device to an invalidation mode for invalidating reception of subsequent frames, if no error is detected in an own branch with respect to the frame.

Abstract: An abnormality detection method is provided. The abnormality detection method is for detecting an abnormality that may be transmitted to a bus in an on-board network system. The on-board network system includes a plurality of electronic controllers that transmit and receive messages via the bus in a mobility entity. In the abnormality detection method, for example, a gateway transmits identification information to a server and receives a response determining a unit time. An operation process is performed using feature information based on a number of messages received from the bus per the determined unit time and using a model indicating a criterion in terms of a message occurrence frequency. A judgment is made as to an abnormality according to a result of the operation process.