Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, the liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition that exhibits a cholesteric phase. The liquid crystal composition contains a mixture of a chiral material and nematic liquid crystal. The liquid crystal display layer is configured to satisfies the following conditions: a viscosity a [cP] of the liquid crystal composition is in a range from 30 to 150; a dielectric anisotropy b of the liquid crystal composition is in a range from 5 to 50; a thickness c [?m] of the liquid crystal layer is in a range from 3 to 8; and a product of a, b, and c is not less than 3500.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence display element comprising at least a positive electrode, an organic luminescent film and a negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode is formed of an electrically conductive film having transparency, the negative electrode is formed of a metal film containing metal having a low work function, and the negative electrode is connected to a power supply lead portion made of a transparent and conductive film.

Abstract: A chiral nematic liquid crystal composition that exhibits a cholesteric phase, said chiral nematic crystal composition comprising 55 wt % to 90 wt % of a nematic liquid crystal composition that comprises, as main components thereof, a liquid crystal ester compound and a liquid crystal pyrimidine compound, wherein said liquid crystal ester compound does not include a tolan skeleton therein and said liquid crystal pyrimidine compound includes a fluorine atom therein; and 10 wt % to 45 wt % of at least one chiral agent. A liquid crystal light modulating apparatus comprising a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; and the chiral nematic liquid crystal composition disposed between the substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display element which comprises a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer held between the pair of substrates and including liquid crystal that exhibits a cholesteric phase. At least one of the substrates has an orientation film that comprises a polyimide having a mesogenic group therein and has not undergone rubbing.

Abstract: A chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which contains a nematic liquid crystal mixture and a chiral agent, which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature and which selectively reflects light of a specified wavelength, wherein the chiral agent has an anisotropy of dielectric constant within a range from 12 to 60. Such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition may have a larger anisotropy of dielectric constant than the nematic liquid crystal mixture before being mixed with the chiral agent. Alternatively, in such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition, the anisotropy of dielectric constant of the chiral agent may be larger than that of the nematic liquid crystal mixture. By filling such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition between transparent substrates, a liquid crystal cell is fabricated, and by stacking such liquid crystal cells in three layers, a reflective type full-color liquid crystal display can be produced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display which carries out matrix driving of a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition, which is capable of displaying an image theron continuously after an electric field applied thereto is turned off, by applying an electric field to the liquid crystal composition through a plurality of scan electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes which face and cross each other with the liquid crystal composition in-between. The nematic liquid crystal which is the main element of the liquid crystal composition mainly contains a liquid crystalline ester compound, a liquid crystalline stilbene compound, a liquid crystalline terphenyl compound or a liquid crystalline tolane compound.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element includes at least a positive electrode, an electron injection layer, and a negative electrode, wherein the electron injection layer is formed of an alkali metal organic salt, an alkaline earth metal organic salt, an alkali metal organometallic complex or an alkaline earth metal organometallic complex.

Abstract: A chiral nematic liquid crystal composition that exhibits a cholesteric phase, said chiral nematic crystal composition comprising 55 wt % to 90 wt % of a nematic liquid crystal composition that comprises, as main components thereof, a liquid crystal ester compound and a liquid crystal pyrimidine compound, wherein said liquid crystal ester compound does not include a tolan skeleton therein and said liquid crystal pyrimidine compound includes a fluorine atom therein; and 10 wt % to 45 wt % of at least one chiral agent. A liquid crystal light modulating apparatus comprising a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent; and the chiral nematic liquid crystal composition disposed between the substrates.

Abstract: A chiral nematic liquid crystal composition which contains a nematic liquid crystal mixture and a chiral agent, which exhibits a cholesteric phase at room temperature and which selectively reflects light of a specified wavelength, wherein the chiral agent has an anisotropy of dielectric constant within a range from 12 to 60. Such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition may have a larger anisotropy of dielectric constant than the nematic liquid crystal mixture before being mixed with the chiral agent. Alternatively, in such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition, the anisotropy of dielectric constant of the chiral agent may be larger than that of the nematic liquid crystal mixture. By filling such a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition between transparent substrates, a liquid crystal cell is fabricated, and by stacking such liquid crystal cells in three layers, a reflective type full-color liquid crystal display can be produced.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display element has at least a positive electrode, an organic luminescent film, an electron injection layer and a negative electrode. Each of the positive and negative electrodes is formed of a transparent conductive film, the electron injection layer is formed of a thin transparent film made of a halogenide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, or an organic metal complex containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as a metal, and the organic metal complex is at least one complex selected from the group consisting of acetylacetonate complexes, &agr;-nitroso-&bgr;-naphthol complexes, salicylaldoxime complexes, cupferron complexes, benzoinoxime complexes, bipyridine complexes, phenanthroline complexes, crown complexes, proline complexes and benzoylacetone complexes.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence display element comprising: at least a positive electrode; an organic luminescent film; an electron injection layer and a negative electrode, wherein: each of the positive and negative electrodes is formed of a transparent conductive film; the electron injection layer is formed of a thin film having transparency and made of organic metal salt containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal as the metal, halogenide of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, or organic metal complex containing alkali metal or alkaline earth metal as the metal; and the organic metal complex is at least one selected from the group consisting of acetylacetonate complex, &agr;-nitroso-&bgr;-naphthol complex, salicylaldoxime complex, cupferron complex, benzoinoxime complex, bipyridine complex, phenanthroline complex, crown complex, proline complex and benzoylacetone complex.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, the liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal composition that exhibits a cholesteric phase. The liquid crystal composition contains a mixture of a chiral material and nematic liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display which carries out matrix driving of a chiral nematic liquid crystal composition, which is capable of displaying an image theron continuously after a turn-off of an electric field applied thereto, by applying an electric field to the liquid crystal composition through a plurality of scan electrodes and a plurality of data electrodes which face and cross each other with the liquid crystal composition in-between. The nematic liquid crystal which is the main element of the liquid crystal composition mainly contains a liquid crystalline ester compound, a liquid crystalline stilbene compound, a liquid crystalline tarphenyl compound or a liquid crystalline tolane compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display element which comprises a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer held between the pair of substrates and including liquid crystal that exhibits a cholesteric phase. At least one of the substrates has an orientation film that comprises a polyimide having a mesogenic group therein and has not undergone rubbing.

Abstract: A display element or a layered type display element having a resin substrate for holding or carrying a display layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a styryl polymer, represented by the following formula (I) or (II), a production method thereof and use thereof to a photosensitive member and a electroluminescence element: ##STR1## in which Ar.sub.11 is an arylene group which may have a substituent; Ar.sub.12 is an aryl group, a polycondensed ring group or a heterocyclic ring group; n.sub.1 is a natural number; ##STR2## in which Ar.sub.21, Ar.sub.22, and Ar.sub.24 are respectively an arylene group which may have a substituent; Ar.sub.25 is an arylene group or a bivalent polycondensed ring group, which may have a substituent; Ar.sub.23 and Ar.sub.26 are respectively an alkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group, which may have a substituent; m.sub.2 is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n.sub.2 is a natural number.