Abstract: A composite substrate includes a base layer formed of a composite material containing diamond and a metal, the base layer a first surface, and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a flat layer having a lower surface bonded to the first surface of the base layer, and an upper surface having a surface roughness Ra of 10 nm or less; and an insulating layer directly bonded to the upper surface of the flat layer.

Abstract: It is possible to change a shaving area width that can be shaved at a time in accordance with a shaving portion, and to swiftly cut hair. The shaver includes a plurality of outer blade frames which hold a blade block for cutting hair. The outer blade frames are arranged in a direction Y intersecting with a moving direction X of a movable blade of the blade block. At least one of the outer blade frames can slide in the moving direction X of the movable blade from an initial position. The shaver has a fixing unit which fixes the outer blade frame at a sliding position.

Abstract: A notch is provided between a cylinder supporting unit and a body of a pedestal, thereby applying elasticity to the cylinder supporting unit. With this structure, a leaf spring and the cylinder supporting unit corresponding to the leaf spring can always be in contact with or approach each other, and a noise generated when the cylinder supporting unit and the body of the pedestal collides against each other can be suppressed.

Abstract: A hair removing apparatus for removing hairs by using soap includes a water-resistant body case having a driving source therein; and a hair removing head attached to the water-resistant body case, the hair removing head having a hair removing unit driven by the driving source to pull out the hairs. The hair removing head has a bubble retention member that encloses the hair removing unit to retain soap bubbles therein.

Abstract: It is possible to change a shaving area width that can be shaved at a time in accordance with a shaving portion, and to swiftly cut hair. The shaver includes a plurality of outer blade frames which hold a blade block for cutting hair. The outer blade frames are arranged in a direction Y intersecting with a moving direction X of a movable blade of the blade block. At least one of the outer blade frames can slide in the moving direction X of the movable blade from an initial position. The shaver has a fixing unit which fixes the outer blade frame at a sliding position.