Abstract: An optical semiconductor element includes: a semiconductor substrate that is semi-insulating; a columnar body that is formed on a front surface-side of the semiconductor substrate and configured to emit or receive light from the front surface-side; a front surface-side electrode that is connected to the columnar body; a back surface-side electrode formed on a back surface-side of the semiconductor substrate; and an electrically conductive member that is formed to penetrate through the semiconductor substrate to connect the front surface-electrode and the back surface-side electrode, and has a protruding portion protruding on the front surface-side of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A log management device acquires an alive monitoring log indicating that a security sensor of an electronic control unit mounted on a vehicle is operating; records acquisition of the alive monitoring log in an alive monitoring table; identifies an unacquired alive monitoring log, and records, in the alive monitoring table, an unacquired period during which the unacquired alive monitoring log is not acquired; and invalidates a record of the unacquired alive monitoring log in the alive monitoring table when the unacquired period of the unacquired alive monitoring log is equal to or longer than a predetermined period.

Abstract: A vehicle control system includes: a computation unit that executes a computation of first control software when a vehicle is in a first state and that executes a computation of second control software when the vehicle is in a second state; a comparison reference data saving unit that saves input data input from a sensor to the first control software and to the second control software and that saves output data from the first control software and the second control software; and an evaluation unit that evaluates the performance of the second control software, based on a difference between pieces of output data read from the comparison reference data saving unit.

Abstract: A helmet that is reliably and quickly removable from the head of a user by a third person includes a head covering shell having an insertion opening that opens downward and configured to protect the head of the user; a shock absorbing body disposed adjacent to an inner periphery of the head covering shell to reduce shock to the head of the user; and a cushion pad disposed adjacent to an inner periphery of the shock absorbing body to fill a gap between the shock absorbing body and the head. The cushion pad includes an emergency removal pad at a position along an opening edge of the insertion opening. The emergency removal pad includes a pad bag having a hollow interior, a pad body disposed in the pad bag, and a pad removal part that enables the pad body to be taken out from the pad bag attached to the opening edge of the insertion opening.

Abstract: An effective component generation device includes an effective component generator and a controller. The effective component generator generates an effective component inside a table storage provided to an armrest in a vehicle. The table storage can store a table. The effective component generator is provided in the table storage. The effective component generation device includes a fan. The controller drives the fan when the controller causes the effective component generator to generate the effective component. The effective component generation device includes a direction switcher. The controller controls the direction switcher to control a direction in which the effective component flows. When the table is stored in the table storage, the controller controls the direction switcher to cause the effective component to flow into the table storage.

Abstract: A control unit of an information processing device acquires a request to add an item to a vehicle, acquires first information that is information according to whether the vehicle has a structure for adding an item, determining a fee for adding the item to the vehicle based on the one piece of information and the information about the item, and outputting the information about the fee.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a control unit that executes: obtaining a request to add an item to a vehicle; obtaining first information that is information depending on whether the vehicle has a structure for adding an item; determining a factory that provides a service for adding the item to the vehicle based on the first information and information about the item; and outputting information about the factory.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member having drum shape, the electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support and a photosensitive layer, wherein an outer surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has wrinkles, and when an observation region having square form with one side of 100 ?m is placed at an arbitrary position on the outer surface, a line that passes through a central point of the observation region and is parallel to a circumferential direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is defined as a first reference line L1, and 3,599 reference lines obtained by rotating the first reference line L1 at every 0.1° around the central point are defined as L2 to L3,600, respectively, each of L1 to L3,600 intersects with convex portions of the wrinkles at a plurality of locations and has at least two different intersection angles selected from the plurality of locations.

Abstract: A vehicle loads at least one of a plurality of upper units having space to store a person or an object on an under unit including a drive mechanism that rotates wheels in the vehicle. The vehicle includes an under unit including a drive mechanism that rotates wheels and the at least one of the plurality of upper units loaded on the under unit. The under unit includes a loading unit, on which the at least one of the plurality of upper units as described above can be loaded. Each of the plurality of upper units includes a joint that joins to a different upper unit that is adjacently loaded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to light-scattering silica particles having a light scattering property, the light-scattering silica particles including: a plurality of hollow portions each having a closed pore structure inside the particle, in which the light-scattering silica particles have a volume-based cumulative 50% particle diameter of 1 ?m to 500 ?m and an average circularity of 0.80 or more, and in use of the light-scattering silica particles, a reflectance A of a water cake containing 20 mg/cm2 of silica per measurement cross-sectional area at an ultraviolet wavelength of 310 nm is 30% or more.

Abstract: A particle including a polymer which has a repeating unit derived from a vinyl-based monomer. The particle has a specific structure containing a carboxy group, and a surface of the particle contains a water-soluble polymer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of evaluating a deviation of a trajectory of a primary electron beam in a primary optical system in an electron beam observation device including the primary optical system that irradiates a sample with the primary electron beam including a plurality of primary electrons and a secondary optical system that detects, by a detector, a secondary electron beam including a plurality of secondary electrons emitted from the sample irradiated with the primary electron beam.

Abstract: The present disclosure makes it possible to freely exchange interior of a vehicle. An interior unit according to the present disclosure is provided with: a frame portion attachable to and detachable from a vehicle; and interior parts installed on the frame portion. The frame portion is foldable, or extendable and contractible.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member including: forming a photosensitive layer; and forming a protective layer, wherein the step of forming the photosensitive layer forms a photosensitive layer having an amount of residual solvent of a first solvent in the photosensitive layer of 0.05% to 2.50% and an amount of residual solvent of a second solvent in the photosensitive layer of 0.50% to 2.50%, and the step of forming the protective layer includes step (A) of forming a cured film and step (B) of forming the protective layer having wrinkle shapes, wherein, in step (A), the irradiated coating film is heated at a heating temperature lower than a boiling point of the first solvent and in step (B), the cured film is heated at a heating temperature higher than a boiling point of the first solvent.

Abstract: A vehicle comprises an under unit which is equipped with a driving mechanism configured to rotate wheels of the vehicle, and an upper unit which is mounted on the under unit. The upper unit comprises an extension/contraction mechanism which is configured to extend or contract the upper unit according to a size of the under unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydroxyapatite-supporting porous silica particle, in which hydroxyapatite is supported on a surface a spherical porous silica particle and inner surfaces of pores of the spherical porous silica particle, and in which the hydroxyapatite-supporting porous silica particle has a circularity of 0.760 or larger, a method for producing the hydroxyapatite-supporting porous silica particles, and a composition containing the hydroxyapatite-supporting porous silica particle.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a technique that enables customization of a vehicle. In an information processing apparatus, a controller presents vehicle units extracted from among a plurality of types of under units each of which is provided with a driving mechanism configured to cause wheels to rotate and a plurality of types of upper units to be loaded on any of the under units to a user, the vehicle units being combinable as a vehicle. Furthermore, the controller executes: accepting selection by a user from among the presented vehicle units; and calculating a fee in the case of providing the selected vehicle units.

Abstract: A helmet that is reliably and quickly removable from the head of a user by a third person includes a head covering shell having an insertion opening that opens downward and configured to protect the head of the user; a shock absorbing body disposed adjacent to an inner periphery of the head covering shell to reduce shock to the head of the user; and a cushion pad disposed adjacent to an inner periphery of the shock absorbing body to fill a gap between the shock absorbing body and the head. The cushion pad includes an emergency removal pad at a position along an opening edge of the insertion opening. The emergency removal pad includes a pad bag having a hollow interior, a pad body disposed in the pad bag, and a pad removal part that enables the pad body to be taken out from the pad bag attached to the opening edge of the insertion opening.

Abstract: Provided is a process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge including: a developing unit including a toner; and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the toner includes a toner particle, the toner particle has a surface containing a polyvalent acid metal salt particle, and a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains at least one metal oxide particle among an aluminum oxide particle, a silicon dioxide particle, and a tin oxide particle.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus is provided with a controller comprising at least one processor configured to perform: obtaining route information indicating an operation route of a vehicle utilized by unspecified users; and obtaining desired location information indicating desired locations at which the users desire to get on the vehicle or desired locations at which the users desire to get off the vehicle. Then, the controller of the information processing apparatus determines a stop location, at which the vehicle is stopped for the users to get on or off, based on a plurality of pieces of the desired location information and the route information, and presents stop location information indicating the stop location thus determined to the users.