Abstract: A braking/driving force control system, during control for maintaining a target vehicle speed, performs fuel cut and then, when a required braking/driving force for maintaining the target vehicle speed reduces, makes a downshift while fuel cut is continued. The braking/driving force control system causes a brake to generate a braking force such that the sum of a braking/driving force that a powertrain generates and the braking force that the brake generates agrees with the required braking/driving force. Thus, good fuel efficiency and riding comfort are obtained.

Abstract: In an image display device, each frame image in input image signals is divided into multiple subfield images according to the number of pixels to be shifted by a pixel shifting part (3), the subfield images are supplied to an spatial light modulation part (2) to spatially modulate light from a light source part (1), and the pixels of the spatial light modulation part are shifted by the pixel shifting part (3) in sync with said subfield images to display an image. The image display device has an image processing part (5) supplying to a spatial light modulation part (2) a smaller or larger number of subfield images than the number of the divided subfield images so that the display frame rate of the spatial light modulation part (2) is equal to the frame rate of the input image signals.

Abstract: An image display device for displaying a high quality and high resolution image without causing color irregularities, adapted to be assembled simply and at low cost. The device includes a plurality of spatial light modulation elements (6R, 6G; 6B) illuminated by lights of different colors for performing an image modulation; a color synthesizer (7) for synthesizing image lights modulated by each of the spatial light modulation elements; an incident polarized light controller (10) for converting at least one of the plurality of image lights of different colors projected to the color synthesizer, into a different polarization than those of the other image lights; and a pixel shift device (15) that includes at least one set of a polarization conversion element (21) and a double refraction plate (22). The pixel shift device (15) selectively shifts the optical paths of the image lights synthesized by the color synthesizer.

Abstract: An optical unit is constructed by superposing and cementing the first substrate having fixed electrodes and the second substrate having a sheet-like member in which a moving plate-spring-like electrode is provided. Concentric through holes are provide at the middles of the sheet-like member of the first substrate and the second substrate, and an optical element, such as a lens, a mirror, or a prism, is mounted to the through hole of the sheet-like member. When voltages applied between the fixed electrodes and the moving electrode are controlled, the sheet-like member is displaced and thereby the optical element is deformed.

Abstract: An optical unit is constructed by superposing and cementing the first substrate having fixed electrodes and the second substrate having a sheet-like member in which a moving plate-spring-like electrode is provided. Concentric through holes are provide at the middles of the sheet-like member of the first substrate and the second substrate, and an optical element, such as a lens, a mirror, or a prism, is mounted to the through hole of the sheet-like member. When voltages applied between the fixed electrodes and the moving electrode are controlled, the sheet-like member is displaced and thereby the optical element is deformed.

Abstract: An optical apparatus using a deformable mirror includes an imaging device for obtaining an image signal from an image formed through a photographic lens, an exposure control device for making control containing driving control of the imaging device, a deformable mirror having a reflecting surface deformed by an electric force and electrodes controlling the profile of the reflecting surface, a power supply device for supplying power to drive the deformable mirror, a driving device for driving the deformable mirror, and a device for driving the photographic lens. In this case, when the photographic lens is driven or exposure is controlled by the exposure control device, the deformable mirror is not driven by the driving device.

Abstract: A focal-length adjusting unit for photographing apparatuses includes a distance-measuring means for detecting the amount of defocus to an object by using a light beam of the object passing through a photographing optical system; at least two optical elements located in an optical path for distance measurement, deflecting incident light from the object to introduce the light into an image sensor or a distance-measuring sensor; a variable optical-property element constituting at least one of the optical elements, capable of changing the deflection of light in accordance with an applied voltage or an applied current; and a voltage applying means or a current applying means for applying a voltage or a current in accordance with the distance-measuring output of the distance-measuring means. In this case, before a distance measurement is made by the distance-measuring means, the function of light deflection of the variable optical-property element is set to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A lens barrel of the present invention includes a first zoom frame and a second zoom frame which are moved frontward and rearward by a cam frame. The first zoom frame holds a first lens group, and the second zoom frame contacts and presses a second-group frame. Four guide shafts are fixed to the first zoom frame, and directly and slidably support the second-group frame which holds a second lens group or a third-group frame which holds a third lens group. Therefore, the deviation between the optical axes of the second lens group and the third lens group from the first lens group is reduced. In the lens barrel, the supporting structure of the frame members is simplified, the supporting accuracy of the frame members is increased, and the misalignment of the optical axes of the lens groups is prevented.

Abstract: A lens barrel of the present invention includes a first zoom frame and a second zoom frame which are moved frontward and rearward by a cam frame. The first zoom frame holds a first lens group, and the second zoom frame contacts and presses a second-group frame. Four guide shafts are fixed to the first zoom frame, and directly and slidably support the second-group frame which holds a second lens group or a third-group frame which holds a third lens group. Therefore, the deviation between the optical axes of the second lens group and the third lens group from the first lens group is reduced. In the lens barrel, the supporting structure of the frame members is simplified, the supporting accuracy of the frame members is increased, and the misalignment of the optical axes of the lens groups is prevented.

Abstract: A focal-length adjusting unit for photographing apparatuses includes a distance-measuring means for detecting the amount of defocus to an object by using a light beam of the object passing through a photographing optical system; at least two optical elements located in an optical path for distance measurement, deflecting incident light from the object to introduce the light into an image sensor or a distance-measuring sensor; a variable optical-property element constituting at least one of the optical elements, capable of changing the deflection of light in accordance with an applied voltage or an applied current; and a voltage applying means or a current applying means for applying a voltage or a current in accordance with the distance-measuring output of the distance-measuring means. In this case, before a distance measurement is made by the distance-measuring means, the function of light deflection of the variable optical-property element is set to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A body frame, which is a lens barrel device, comprising two semi-circular torus-shaped lens frames, respectively, mounting thereto a forward-group lens and a rearward-group lens, and two guide shafts fixed to one of the lens frames and slidably inserted into a sleeve fixed to the other of the lens frames and into a slot, the two lens frames being supported to advance and retreat relative to each other. When a jig is used to assemble the lens frames, the two lens frames are mounted to the jig while the forward-group lens, the rearward-group lens and the two guide shafts are inserted into the jig with gaps therebetween, the jig being in a state, in which the forward-group lens, the rearward-group lens and the two guide shafts are retained in a predetermined position, and an adhesive is filled into and fixed to the respective gaps to complete assembly. Such lens body frame can ensure optical performance without being affected by accuracy of parts such as lens frames, guide shafts, photographing lenses and so on.

Abstract: An animal body detecting system adapted to be mounted on a vehicle is capable of simply and accurately detecting whether or not an animal exists, i.e. for detecting a distance to an object in front of the vehicle and for discriminating whether or not the object is an animal at the same time, by utilizing electromagnetic waves. The system is comprised of transceiver devices for emitting a radio wave of a first frequency of 10 GHz and that of a second frequency of 60 GHz whose frequency is higher than the first frequency in the same direction and for receiving reflected waves; and discriminating devices for generating material detection data indicative of whether or not a combination, i.e. a ratio or a product, of receiving levels of the reflected waves of the respective frequencies is a combination of the case when the reflecting object is an animal body. It further comprises a detector for detecting a distance to the reflecting object based on the emitted waves and the received reflected waves.

Abstract: A disk brake assembly includes a disk rotor, a mounting member secured to a vehicle body and having a pair of opposed arms positioned at opposite sides of the disk rotor, respectively, a pair of confronting pads arranged on the arms, respectively, a caliper slidably supported on the mounting member so as to be movable in an axial direction generally parallel to an axis of the disk rotor, the caliper having a piston portion and a reaction portion disposed on opposite sides of the disk rotor and arranged to press the pads against opposite surfaces of the disk rotor for generating a braking force therebetween, a plate secured to one of the arms so as to be deformed upon generation of the braking force along a direction thereof, and a detecting device serving for measuring a deformation of the plate as a braking force and converting the deformation into an electric signal.

Abstract: A signal level transforming circuit includes a constant current circuit for supplying a constant current corresponding to a power voltage of an input signal to an electrical line connected between an output terminal connected with an input terminal via an input resistor and a common voltage level terminal, a low level clamping circuit for clamping the minimum value of the voltage at the output terminal to a first low level voltage, a voltage generating circuit for generating a constant voltage so as to transform a voltage signal in the input terminal into a binary signal, and a comparing circuit having a hysteresis characteristic and including a multi-collector type transistor having one collector connected with a voltage output terminal in the voltage generating circuit via a resistor for setting a comparing voltage, and having another collector connected to the output terminal, and a transistor inserted between a base of the multi-collector type transistor and the resistor for setting a comparing voltage an

Abstract: An electric pulse generator utilizing a Matteuci effect. An alternating magnetic field is applied to distorted magnetic substances by a permanent magnet rotor, a polarizedly magnetized running sheet or an electric coil. The amorphous magnetic substances generate sharp pulse voltages between its ends, at the specific phase of the alternating magnetic field.

Abstract: A pressure sensor converts a fluid pressure into electric signals upon displacement of a diaphragm. The pressure sensor includes a plurality of strain gauges which are formed on a moveable part of the diaphragm with terminal portions formed on a stationary part of the diaphragm. Readout wires are connected to the terminal portions of the strain gauges on the stationary part of the diaphragm.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus is disclosed which comprises a combination of a solenoid device such as a solenoid valve, a relay or a plunger driving solenoid device and an energization control circuit which energizes the solenoid device. One end of an electrical cable is connected to the solenoid valve while the other end of the cable is connected to a connector. The electrical cable prevents the transmission of oscillations which the solenoid valve experiences to the connector. The energization control circuit is housed within the connector. The energization control circuit responds to a changing of a given switch from its on to its off condition, by energizing the electrical coil only during a given time interval. When the time interval has passed, it interrupts the energization of the electrical coil, and the energization control circuit itself is substantially disconnected from the power source.

Abstract: A magnetic member preferably comprising an amorphous metal material is mounted adjacent a rotatable member carrying at least one permanent magnet having N and S poles alternating around its circumference. The alignment of N and S poles with opposite end portions of the amorphous metal will decrease the saturation magnetic flux density of the amorphous metal to thereby alter the impedance of at least one electrical coil surrounding the amorphous material. The impedance of the amorphous material will thus modulate during rotation of the rotatable member at a frequency proportional to the frequency of rotation.

Abstract: A pressure sensor converts fluid pressures into electrical signals by the deformation of a diaphragm. The pressure sensor is comprised of a strain gauge which includes resistance body of amorphous metal material which may be formed directly on the diaphragm by means of a physical vapor deposition process.

Abstract: A pressure sensor converts a fluid pressure into electric signals by means of a deformation of a diaphragm. The pressure sensor includes a resistance body means made of an amorphous metal material used as material for a strain gauge. The resistance body means has resistance body elements composing each side of a bridge circuit, thereby obtaining the signal to the pressure by means of an output of the bridge circuit.