Abstract: A photovoltaic element comprising a transparent conductive film capable of improving weather resistance is obtained. This photovoltaic element includes a photoelectric conversion layer, and a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer and including an indium oxide layer having (222) orientation and two X-ray diffraction peaks, in which the two X-ray diffraction peaks of the indium oxide layer is constituted by a first peak on a low angle side and a second peak on a high angle side having a peak intensity level lower than the first peak.

Abstract: A solar cell includes: a photoelectric conversion part having a concave and convex profile in a light receiving surface thereof; and a protective layer 10 which is provided to cover the concave and convex profile, and which includes particles therein. In a cross section, in parallel with an incident direction of light, of the protective layer 10, the number of the particles 11 contained in a second region is smaller than the number of particles 11 contained in a first region. The first region is centered at a concave portion of the concave and convex profile, and has a unit length, while the second region is centered at a convex portion of the concave and convex profile, and has the unit length.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element capable of improving weather resistance is obtained. This photovoltaic element includes a photoelectric conversion layer, a first transparent conductive film formed on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer closer to an incidence side and including a first indium oxide layer having (222) orientation and two X-ray diffraction peaks, and a second transparent conductive film formed on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer opposite to the incidence side and including a second indium oxide layer having (222) orientation and one X-ray diffraction peak.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photovoltaic device having excellent environmental durability and good adhesion with a collector electrode made of metal paste. The photovoltaic device comprises an ITO film on a p-type amorphous silicon hydride film on a light incident side of the photovoltaic device and a collector electrode made of silver paste on the ITO film. A silicon oxide insulation film made of SiOx is provided on at least regions on the ITO film where the collector electrode is not formed. The thickness of the silicon oxide insulation film is about 1 to 10 times thicker than an arithmetic mean deviation (Ra) of the underlying ITO film. The silicon oxide insulation film is a film having a Si-2p peak with a full width at half maximum of 2.45 or less, which is evaluated by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photovoltaic device capable of keeping reduction of the yield in modularization in check. This photovoltaic device comprises a transparent conductive film, and a collector which is formed on the surface of the transparent conductive film so as to be in partial contact with a semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a photovoltaic element, a light receiving surface side protective member disposed above a light receiving surface of the photovoltaic element, and a back surface side protective member disposed above a back surface opposite to the light receiving surface side of the photovoltaic element. The photovoltaic element includes an indium oxide layer formed on a surface facing the back surface side protective member and another indium oxide layer formed on a surface facing the light receiving surface side protective member. An arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) on a surface of the indium oxide layer on the back surface of the photovoltaic element is larger than an arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) on the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic element.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes: a photoelectric conversion body 101 having an uneven surface on a light-entering surface; and a protection layer 10 made of a resin and provided to cover the uneven surface. In a cross section of the protection layer 10 taken in parallel to a light-entering direction, a thickness W2 of a projected portion on the uneven surface is smaller than a thickness W1 of a recessed portion on the uneven surface.

Abstract: A solar cell includes: a photoelectric conversion part having a concave and convex profile in a light receiving surface thereof; and a protective layer 10 which is provided to cover the concave and convex profile, and which includes particles therein. In a cross section, in parallel with an incident direction of light, of the protective layer 10, the number of the particles 11 contained in a second region is smaller than the number of particles 11 contained in a first region. The first region is centered at a concave portion of the concave and convex profile, and has a unit length, while the second region is centered at a convex portion of the concave and convex profile, and has the unit length.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photovoltaic device which is improved in photoelectric conversion efficiency while suppressing increase in complexity of structure. Specifically disclosed is a photovoltaic device (1) comprising semiconductor layers (2-4, 9, 10) including a photoelectric conversion layer (2), and a first layer (7) which is arranged on the semiconductor layers and composed of a translucent material. The first layer (7) has a first hole (7a) on the light incident side, and the first hole (7a) extends in the film thickness direction.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a photovoltaic element, a light receiving surface side protective member disposed above a light receiving surface of the photovoltaic element, and a back surface side protective member disposed above a back surface opposite to the light receiving surface side of the photovoltaic element. The photovoltaic element includes an indium oxide layer formed on a surface facing the back surface side protective member and another indium oxide layer formed on a surface facing the light receiving surface side protective member. An arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) on a surface of the indium oxide layer on the back surface of the photovoltaic element is larger than an arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) on the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic element.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element capable of improving weather resistance is obtained. This photovoltaic element includes a photoelectric conversion layer, a first transparent conductive film formed on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer closer to an incidence side and including a first indium oxide layer having (222) orientation and two X-ray diffraction peaks, and a second transparent conductive film formed on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer opposite to the incidence side and including a second indium oxide layer having (222) orientation and one X-ray diffraction peak.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element comprising a transparent conductive film capable of improving weather resistance is obtained. This photovoltaic element includes a photoelectric conversion layer, and a transparent conductive film formed on a surface of the photoelectric conversion layer and including an indium oxide layer having (222) orientation and two X-ray diffraction peaks, in which the two X-ray diffraction peaks of the indium oxide layer is constituted by a first peak on a low angle side and a second peak on a high angle side having a peak intensity level lower than the first peak.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photovoltaic device having excellent environmental durability and good adhesion with a collector electrode made of metal paste. The photovoltaic device comprises an ITO film on a p-type amorphous silicon hydride film on a light incident side of the photovoltaic device and a collector electrode made of silver paste on the ITO film. A silicon oxide insulation film made of SiOx is provided on at least regions on the ITO film where the collector electrode is not formed. The thickness of the silicon oxide insulation film is about 1 to 10 times thicker than an arithmetic mean deviation (Ra) of the underlying ITO film. The silicon oxide insulation film is a film having a Si-2p peak with a full width at half maximum of 2.45 or less, which is evaluated by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: This invention offers effective and efficient method to produce and to use LIQUID defined as activated liquid which contains sufficient amount of micro bubbles of diameter less than 10 micrometers. LIQUID exhibits very useful properties for the purification of liquid, sterilization, extinguishment of undesirable bubbles, preservation of freshness of food, storage of gas in liquid, the decomposition of pollutants etc. The method to produce LIQUID comprises a means to rotate a rotor installed in a fixed tube wherein the rotor and the fixed tube are provided with a set of permanent magnets and a set of linear protuberances, and liquid and gas are introduced in the gap formed between the fixed tube and the rotor by pumping means driven by the motor. The micro bubbles are effectively produced with the repulsive magnetic field generated by the S (or N) pole of at least 30% of the whole magnets faced with the said gap.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photovoltaic device capable of keeping reduction of the yield in modularization in check. This photovoltaic device comprises a transparent conductive film, and a collector which is formed on the surface of the transparent conductive film so as to be in partial contact with a semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A computer implemented method and system for management of assembly manufacturer. An experiential database is maintained, listing possible suppliers for each specified assembly component. After receiving responses to a Request for Quotation (RFQ) the database is augmented and the listed suppliers are hierarchically ranked according to multiple scoring parameters. A limited number of suppliers are then selected, based upon the hierarchical rankings, and those suppliers are invited to a bidder's conference. The identity of each supplier invited to the bidder's conference is published to encourage competitive pricing and a final price for each specified assembly component is then negotiated utilizing the bidder's conference format.

Abstract: In a photovoltaic element sequentially comprising at least an amorphous semiconductive layer of one conductivity type and an amorphous semiconductive layer of the other conductivity type on a surface of a transparent conductive film, the transparent conductive film includes a surface region having a lower crystalline property on a surface side than that in an inner portion and the amorphous semiconductive layer of one conductivity type is formed on the surface region. An excellent ohmic property is obtained between the transparent conductive film and the amorphous semiconductive layer of one conductivity type.

Abstract: In a photovoltaic element sequentially comprising at least an amorphous semiconductive layer of one conductivity type and an amorphous semiconductive layer of the other conductivity type on a surface of a transparent conductive film, the transparent conductive film includes a surface region having a lower crystalline property on a surface side than that in an inner portion and the amorphous semiconductive layer of one conductivity type is formed on the surface region. An excellent ohmic property is obtained between the transparent conductive film and the amorphous semiconductive layer of one conductivity type.