Abstract: In an oxide dispersion strengthened martensitic steel which comprises, by % by weight, 0.05 to 0.25% C, 8.0 to 12.0% Cr, 0.1 to 4.0% W, 0.1 to 1.0% Ti, 0.1 to 0.5% Y2O3 with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities and in which Y2O3 particles are dispersed in the steel, by adjusting the Ti content within the range of 0.1 to 1.0% so that an excess oxygen content Ex.O in steel satisfies [0.22×Ti (% by weight)<Ex.O (% by weight)<0.46×Ti (% by weight)], the oxide particles are finely dispersed and highly densified to thereby obtain an oxide dispersion strengthened martensitic steel excellent in high-temperature strength. It is also possible to reduce the amount of oxygen contamination in steel during the mechanical alloying of raw material powders to provide Ex.O within a predetermined range, by carrying out the mechanical alloying in an Ar atmosphere having a super purity of not less than 99.

Abstract: An optical splitter includes a main waveguide, a tapered waveguide, and a split waveguide group having first and second split waveguides. The side portions of the tapered waveguide taper and expand from a first end portion toward second end portions. The widths of the split waveguides differ from each other. The whole width of the split waveguide group at connecting portions between the tapered waveguide and the split waveguides is smaller than the width of the tapered waveguide at the second end portions. Step portions are formed between the split waveguide group and the side portions.

Abstract: A weathering test method comprising making active oxygen and light simultaneously act on a test piece, a weathering test method comprising successive and/or alternate steps of making active oxygen and light simultaneously act on a test piece and making at least one of light, oxygen, and water to act on the test piece, and apparatus for carrying out the methods are disclosed. In evaluating weatherability of organic materials, articles made of organic materials or articles coated with organic materials, the methods and apparatus achieve acceleration of deterioration of test pieces to greatly reduce the testing time.

Abstract: A weathering test method comprising making active oxygen and light simultaneously act on a test piece, a weathering test method comprising successive and/or alternate steps of making active oxygen and light simultaneously act on a test piece and making at least one of light, oxygen, and water to act on the test piece, and apparatus for carrying out the methods are disclosed. In evaluating weatherability of organic materials, articles made of organic materials or articles coated with organic materials, the methods and apparatus achieve acceleration of deterioration of test pieces to greatly reduce the testing time.

Abstract: A weathering test method comprising making active oxygen and light simultaneously act on a test piece, a weathering test method comprising successive and/or alternate steps of making active oxygen and light simultaneously act on a test piece and making at least one of light, oxygen, and water to act on the test piece, and apparatus for carrying out the methods are disclosed. In evaluating weatherability of organic materials, articles made of organic materials or articles coated with organic materials, the methods and apparatus achieve acceleration of deterioration of test pieces to greatly reduce the testing time.

Abstract: A weathering test method comprising making active oxygen and light simultaneously act on a test piece, a weathering test method comprising successive and/or alternate steps of making active oxygen and light simultaneously act on a test piece and making at least one of light, oxygen, and water to act on the test piece, and apparatus for carrying out the methods are disclosed. In evaluating weatherability of organic materials, articles made of organic materials or articles coated with organic materials, the methods and apparatus achieve acceleration of deterioration of test pieces to greatly reduce the testing time.

Abstract: A weathering test method comprising making active oxygen and light simultaneously act on a test piece, a weathering test method comprising successive and/or alternate steps of making active oxygen and light simultaneously act on a test piece and making at least one of light, oxygen, and water to act on the test piece, and apparatus for carrying out the methods are disclosed. In evaluating weatherability of organic materials, articles made of organic materials or articles coated with organic materials, the methods and apparatus achieve acceleration of deterioration of test pieces to greatly reduce the testing time.

Abstract: A process for preparing a water-in-oil emulsion of a water-soluble polymer is disclosed, comprising polymerizing at least one water-soluble vinyl monomer in a water-in-oil emulsion, wherein the dissolved oxygen concentration of the emulsion under polymerization is about 100 ppb or less. The desired emulsion can be obtained without being accompanied by the formation of agglomerates.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device is provided with a core formed on a substrate and a clad layer. A low-temperature film-forming method, such as the CVD or PVD method, is used in a core forming process for forming the core and a clad forming process for forming the clad layer. The surface of the clad layer is coated with a protective film of chrome or the like in a protective film forming process that is carried out after the clad forming process. In a heating/pressurizing process that is carried out after the protective film forming process, the clad layer is heated and pressurized from its outside by the HIP (hot isostatic pressing) method. This heating/pressurizing process substantially eliminates voids in the clad layer and the like, and enhances or improves the density of a buffer layer, core, and upper clad layer and the transparency of the core layer. The protective film is removed by etching or the like in a removing process.

Abstract: To develop a zeolite catalyst which can prevent the drastic lowering of dimethylamine selectivity to be caused in the production of dimethylamine using a zeolite catalyst when the conversion of methanol is high, and which can give higher dimethylamine selectivity and lower trimethylamine selectivity as well as higher methanol-consuming reaction activity; and to provide a process for producing dimethylamine with high selectivity, using the catalyst.A process for producing dimethylamine by allowing methanol, or methanol and a methylamine mixture, or a methylamine mixture to react with ammonia in the gaseous phase in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that a modified zeolite prepared by treating a zeolite with a solution containing a chelating agent is used as the catalyst.

Abstract: A water-in-oil emulsion of a cationic polymer suitable for inversion, comprising a continuous phase comprising a hydrophobic liquid, a discontinuous phase comprising a water-soluble cationic polymer, and a surface active agent system for inventing the emulsion in water, the system comprising a mixture of at least one alkyl phosphate represented by formula (I) or (II) and at least one other surface active agent compatible with the at least one alkyl phosphate: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms; X and Y, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an ammonium group, or an alkanolamino group; and n1 represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 4; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: An improved thermal printhead in which the base plate is provided with a print-end surface which is narrower than the thickness of the base plate by forming an inclined surface along one of the corner edges of the end surface adjoining one of the major surfaces of the base plate. Alternatively, a narrower end surface serving as the print-end surface may be defined by forming inclined surfaces along the two corner edges of the original end surface of the base plate. In either case, by appropriate selection of the width of the print-end surface, a glaze layer of a suitable property can be formed over the print-end surface by making use of the surface tension of the glaze layer in its molten state.

Abstract: N-substituted maleimides are prepared by reacting maleic anhydride with an amine in the presence of Cu or a copper compound and purifying the maleimide produced in the absence of presence of said Cu or copper compound. N-substituted maleimides are widely useful or starting materials or intermediates for medicines, agricultural chemicals, dyes, macromolecular compounds, and the like.

Abstract: Apparatus for stirring hydrogel particles of a water-soluble polymer made as a tank defined by a drum within which is housed an inner drum. Water-soluble polymers are introduced through a top opening in the tank into an annular space defined by the inner wall surfaces of the tank and the outer wall surfaces of the inner drum. The water-soluble polymer contents in the annular space are stirred by vanes mounted on a corresponding vertically disposed driven arms. The vanes have leading surfaces advanced in different circular paths within the annular space. One of the vane stirring arms and vane thereon is disposed to travel along a circular path in the vicinity of the inner surfaces of the tank and the other stirring arm vane and corresponding vane are advanced along a circular path in the vicinity of the outer wall surfaces of the inner drum.