Abstract: A multi-layer piezoelectric element of high reliability and high durability, that undergoes smaller variations in the amount of displacement even when used under a high electric field and high pressure and is subject to less variations in the amount of displacement even when used in continuous operation over a long period of time is provided. The multi-layer piezoelectric element comprises a stack formed by stacking piezoelectric layers and internal electrodes alternately one on another and external electrodes formed on a first side face and on a second side face of the stack, wherein one of the adjacent internal electrodes is connected to the external electrode on the first side face and the other internal electrode is connected to the external electrode formed on the second side face, while the ratio of change in the amount of displacement of the element after undergoing continuous operation of 1×109 cycles or more to the initial device dimension is not larger than 5%.

Abstract: In order to provide a multi-layer electronic component in which the occurrence of delamination between the ceramic layer and the internal electrode is restricted and a method for manufacturing the same, the multi-layer electronic component of the present invention comprises a stack formed by stacking piezoelectric layers and internal electrodes one on another alternately and a pair of external electrodes formed on two opposing side faces of the stack, wherein the internal electrode consists of a first internal electrode connected to the external electrode formed on one of the two side faces and a second internal electrode located between the first internal electrode and connected to the external electrode formed on the other one of the two side faces, and wherein the internal electrodes and the piezoelectric layers are faced in proximity so that a space between them is 2 ?m or less over an area occupying 50% or more of the active region where the first internal electrode and the second internal electrode oppo

Abstract: A NRD guide includes a pair of parallel plate conductors opposed to each other at a spacing equal to or shorter than half the wavelength of a high-frequency signal to be transmitted and having opposing inner surfaces whose arithmetic average roughness Ra satisfies 0.1 ?m?Ra?50 ?m, and a dielectric strip arranged between the pair of parallel plate conductors and held in contact with the respective inner surfaces of the parallel plate conductors. The dielectric strip is strongly secured to the inner surfaces to exhibit an excellent durability. The transmission loss of the high-frequency signal can be effectively suppressed.

Abstract: The invention provides a highly-reliable, low-loss non-radiative dielectric waveguide. According to one aspect of the invention, a non-radiative dielectric waveguide comprises parallel planar conductors arranged at an interval of half or below of a high-frequency signal wavelength, and a dielectric strip interposed between the parallel planar conductors. The dielectric strip has a 0.01 to 0.3 mm-wide chamfer formed at its edge portion in a high-frequency signal transmission direction. According to another aspect of the invention, a non-radiative dielectric waveguide comprises parallel planar conductors arranged at an interval of half or below of a high-frequency signal wavelength, and a dielectric strip interposed between the parallel planar conductors. The dielectric strip is made of a ceramics having an open pore ratio of 5% or less.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a dielectric porcelain composition with low rate of phase change of a cordierite phase as a primary crystal phase, in which as a result of the low rate of phase change the dielectric constant is from 4.5 to 6 and Q value is 1,000 or more at 60 GHz, and to provide a dielectric resonator and nonradiative dielectric strip using the same. The dielectric porcelain composition comprises, as a principal component, a complex oxide having a molar composition xMgO·yAl2O3·zSiO2 (wherein 10?x?40, 10?y?40, 20?z?80, and x+y+z=100), and a ratio of a (241) peak intensity ?p(241) and a (222) peak intensity ?p(222) of X-ray diffraction of a ? phase of a 2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2 phase, which is a primary crystalline phase of the complex oxide, is 0.8??p(241)/?p(222)?1.3.

Abstract: A NRD guide includes a pair of parallel plate conductors opposed to each other at a spacing equal to or shorter than half the wavelength of a high-frequency signal to be transmitted and having opposing inner surfaces whose arithmetic average roughness Ra satisfies 0.1 &mgr;m≦Ra≦50 &mgr;m, and a dielectric strip arranged between the pair of parallel plate conductors and held in contact with the respective inner surfaces of the parallel plate conductors. The dielectric strip is strongly secured to the inner surfaces to exhibit an excellent durability. The transmission loss of the high-frequency signal can be effectively suppressed.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a dielectric porcelain composition with low rate of phase change of a cordierite phase as a primary crystal phase, in which as a result of the low rate of phase change the dielectric constant is from 4.5 to 6 and Q value is 1,000 or more at 60 GHz, and to provide a dielectric resonator and nonradiative dielectric strip using the same. The dielectric porcelain composition comprises, as a principal component, a complex oxide having a molar composition xMgO.yAl2O3.zSiO2 (wherein 10≦x≦40, 10≦y≦40, 20≦z ≦80, and x+y+z=100), and a ratio of a (241) peak intensity &bgr;p(241) and a (222) peak intensity &bgr;p(222) of X-ray diffraction of a &bgr; phase of a 2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2 phase, which is a primary crystalline phase of the complex oxide, is 0.8≦&bgr;p(241)/&bgr;p(222)≦1.3.

Abstract: When a terminal device accesses through a communication network for the first time, a server device generates an identifier for use in reconnection of the terminal device with the communication network, and returns the identifier to the terminal device. If a connection between the terminal device and communication network is broken by a fault, the server device authenticates the terminal device using the identifier transmitted from the terminal device to recover a connection with another terminal which had been connected immediately before the terminal device was disconnected from the communication network.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a dielectric porcelain composition with low rate of phase change of a cordierite phase as a primary crystal phase, in which as a result of the low rate of phase change the dielectric constant is from 4.5 to 6 and Q value is 1,000 or more at 60 GHz, and to provide a dielectric resonator and nonradiative dielectric strip using the same. The dielectric porcelain composition comprises, as a principal component, a complex oxide having a molar composition xMgO·yAl2O3·zSiO2 (wherein 10≦x≦40, 10≦y≦40, 20≦z≦80 , and x+y+z=100), and a ratio of a (241) peak intensity &bgr;p(241) and a (222) peak intensity &bgr;p(222) of X-ray diffraction of a &bgr; phase of a 2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2 phase, which is a primary crystalline phase of the complex oxide, is 0.8≦&bgr;p(241)/&bgr;p(222)≦1.3.

Abstract: The invention provides a highly-reliable, low-loss non-radiative dielectric waveguide. According to one aspect of the invention, a non-radiative dielectric waveguide comprises parallel planar conductors arranged at an interval of half or below of a high-frequency signal wavelength, and a dielectric strip interposed between the parallel planar conductors. The dielectric strip has a 0.01 to 0.3 mm-wide chamfer formed at its edge portion in a high-frequency signal transmission direction. According to another aspect of the invention, a non-radiative dielectric waveguide comprises parallel planar conductors arranged at an interval of half or below of a high-frequency signal wavelength, and a dielectric strip interposed between the parallel planar conductors. The dielectric strip is made of a ceramics having an open pore ratio of 5% or less.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a dielectric porcelain composition with low rate of phase change of a cordierite phase as a primary crystal phase, in which as a result of the low rate of phase change the dielectric constant is from 4.5 to 6 and Q value is 1,000 or more at 60 GHz, and to provide a dielectric resonator and nonradiative dielectric strip using the same. The dielectric porcelain composition comprises, as a principal component, a complex oxide having a molar composition xMgO.yAl2O3.zSiO2 (wherein 10≦x≦40, 10≦y≦40, 20≦z≦80 , and x+y+z=100), and a ratio of a (241) peak intensity &bgr;p(241) and a (222) peak intensity &bgr;p(222) of X-ray diffraction of a &bgr; phase of a 2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2 phase, which is a primary crystalline phase of the complex oxide, is 0.8≦&bgr;p(241)/&bgr;p(222)≦1.3.

Abstract: A non-radiative dielectric waveguide coupler for coupling or dividing high-frequency signals between at least two dielectric waveguides arranged maintaining a predetermined gap between a pair of parallel flat conductors, wherein said two dielectric waveguides are connected to each other through a bridge of a dielectric material. Upon joining the two dielectric waveguides through the bridge, the gap between the two dielectric waveguides, that affects the characteristics of the coupler, is set maintaining a high precision without effecting any particular positioning operation. Therefore, the coupler can be mass-produced very favorably. Besides, the gap between the two dielectric waveguides is stably maintained without being varied during the production of the coupler or during the use of the coupler, contributing to improving the reliability of the coupler.

Abstract: A module equipped with a non-radiative dielectric waveguide in accordance with this invention comprises a pair of parallel flat conductors arranged at a space of 1/2 or below of a high frequency signal wavelength .lambda. and a dielectric strip extending between these parallel flat conductors. This dielectric strip is formed from a cordierite ceramic having a dielectric constant of 4.5 to 8, especially 4.5 to 6. Conversion of an electromagnetic wave of LSM mode to an electromagnetic wave of LSE is minimal. When the module has a dielectric strip having a steep curved portion having a small radius of curvature, the transmission is possible with a low loss, and the band width of a high frequency signal is broad.

Abstract: For use together with a device for detecting a plurality of information positions where postal information pieces are described, an arrangement is for detecting one of the information positions that is described on an opaque label attached to a transparent envelope. Responsive to a regularly reflected beam from the opaque label, a label positon detector detects a label position where the opaque label is attached to the transparent envelope to produce a label position signal representative of the label position. Responsive to the label position signal, a selector selects the above-mentioned one of the information position.