Abstract: A centrifugal fluid machine includes an impeller (4) that has a front shroud (41) arranged on one side in an axial direction, a rear shroud (42) arranged on the other side in the axial direction, and a plurality of blades (43) provided side by side in a circumferential direction between the front shroud and the rear shroud and is rotatably supported within a casing (2); a suction passage (2A) that allows a fluid to be sucked therethrough in the axial direction toward the impeller with the rotation of the impeller; a discharge passage (2B) that allows a fluid delivered under pressure by the impeller with the rotation of the impeller to be discharged in a direction intersecting the axial direction of the impeller; and a first flow path (5A) that communicates with the discharge passage, leads to the suction passage through a gap between the casing and the rear shroud, and an opening (5Aa) that opens toward the downstream side of the suction passage in a suction direction of a fluid.

Abstract: A plurality of cylinders are provided. An in-cylinder pressure sensor is mounted on each of the plurality of cylinders. A combustion parameter (e.g., the amount of generated heat) is calculated from the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor. The air-fuel ratio for a cylinder is enleaned by reducing a fuel injection amount until the combustion parameter coincides with a predetermined value. Each cylinder is subjected to fuel injection amount reduction control so that the combustion parameter coincides with the predetermined value. The air-fuel ratio for each cylinder is then calculated in accordance with the reduction amount of fuel injection amount. The calculated air-fuel ratios are compared to detect an air-fuel ratio imbalance between the cylinders.

Abstract: Disclosed is an intake air volume measuring device for an internal combustion engine. The device includes an air flow meter located in an intake air path of the internal combustion engine, to measure the volume of intake air into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine based on an output signal of the air flow meter. The output signal of the air flow meter (AFM signal) is sampled in synchronism with the crank angle of the internal combustion engine. With this angle-synchronous processing, the device is capable of obtaining AFM data at equal intervals within a cycle of intake air pulsation, thereby eliminating adverse effects of the intake air pulsation. The device is hence capable of reducing variations in AFM data averages and calculating average flow rates of the intake air with high precision.

Abstract: A bearing pad and bearing are provided which can inhibit the bearing pad from being deformed without increasing the costs. In a bearing pad (2), a conduit that extends from a first opening (3a) formed in a high temperature zone (2H) on a sliding surface (2a) opposing to a supported surface (1a) towards the direction apart from the supported surface (1a) and that finally reaches a second opening (3d) is formed.

Abstract: To accurately specify an EGR rate from an output value of an in-cylinder pressure sensor, a specifying method of an EGR rate in an internal combustion engine of the present invention acquires an output value of an in-cylinder pressure sensor at an intake stroke to calculate comparison data related to an in-cylinder pressure at the intake stroke from the acquired sensor output value. An output value of the in-cylinder pressure sensor at an exhaust stroke of the same cycle is also acquired to calculate comparison data related to the in-cylinder pressure at the exhaust stroke from the acquired sensor output value. Two comparison data are compared to specify the EGR rate of an air-fuel mixture provided for combustion from a difference between the values.

Abstract: The solid electrolytic capacitor of the present invention includes an anode, a dielectric layer formed on the anode, and a solid electrolyte layer formed on the dielectric layer. The solid electrolyte layer includes an oxide of valve metal. It is beneficial that the solid electrolyte layer contains a salt of valve metal in addition to the oxide of valve metal. Furthermore, it is beneficial that the oxide of valve metal is vanadium pentoxide.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer element includes a substrate; a first electrode formed on the substrate as a common electrode; an electromechanical transducer membrane formed on the first electrode; a second electrode formed on the electromechanical transducer membrane as an individual electrode; a first insulation protection membrane formed on the first and the second electrode; a third electrode electrically connected to the first electrode; a fourth electrode electrically connected to the second electrode; a second insulation protection membrane including a common electrode pad formed on the third electrode and plural individual electrode pads formed on the fourth electrode; and a fifth electrode formed so as to surround a vicinity of at least one of the individual electrode pads disposed at end parts. Further, the fifth electrode is formed on the first insulation protection membrane and is electrically connected to the first electrode.

Abstract: The present invention makes it possible to accurately determine an EGR rate from an in-cylinder pressure. An EGR rate determination method for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention, a combustion period is calculated by using in-cylinder pressure data measured by an in-cylinder pressure sensor. An in-cylinder flame velocity is then calculated from the combustion period. Next, in accordance with prepared data indicative of the influence of an engine speed on the flame velocity, a portion of the flame velocity calculated from the combustion period that is affected by the engine speed is eliminated. Eventually, a current EGR rate is determined from the flame velocity from which the portion affected by the engine speed is eliminated.

Abstract: An electromechanical transducer element includes a substrate; a first electrode formed on the substrate as a common electrode; an electromechanical transducer membrane formed on the first electrode; a second electrode formed on the electromechanical transducer membrane as an individual electrode; a first insulation protection membrane formed on the first and the second electrode; a third electrode electrically connected to the first electrode; a fourth electrode electrically connected to the second electrode; a second insulation protection membrane including a common electrode pad formed on the third electrode and plural individual electrode pads formed on the fourth electrode; and a fifth electrode formed so as to surround a vicinity of at least one of the individual electrode pads disposed at end parts. Further, the fifth electrode is formed on the first insulation protection membrane and is electrically connected to the first electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is an intake air volume measuring device for an internal combustion engine. The device includes an air flow meter located in an intake air path of the internal combustion engine, to measure the volume of intake air into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine based on an output signal of the air flow meter. The output signal of the air flow meter (AFM signal) is sampled in synchronism with the crank angle of the internal combustion engine. With this angle-synchronous processing, the device is capable of obtaining AFM data at equal intervals within a cycle of intake air pulsation, thereby eliminating adverse effects of the intake air pulsation. The device is hence capable of reducing variations in AFM data averages and calculating average flow rates of the intake air with high precision.

Abstract: A centrifugal fluid machine includes an impeller (4) that has a front shroud (41) arranged on one side in an axial direction, a rear shroud (42) arranged on the other side in the axial direction, and a plurality of blades (43) provided side by side in a circumferential direction between the front shroud and the rear shroud and is rotatably supported within a casing (2); a suction passage (2A) that allows a fluid to be sucked therethrough in the axial direction toward the impeller with the rotation of the impeller; a discharge passage (2B) that allows a fluid delivered under pressure by the impeller with the rotation of the impeller to be discharged in a direction intersecting the axial direction of the impeller; and a first flow path (5A) that communicates with the discharge passage, leads to the suction passage through a gap between the casing and the rear shroud, and an opening (5Aa) that opens toward the downstream side of the suction passage in a suction direction of a fluid.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a piezoelectric actuator. The piezoelectric actuator includes a piezoelectric member on which plural piezoelectric poles are formed, and the plural piezoelectric poles are formed to be inclined in a direction in which the plural piezoelectric poles are arranged.

Abstract: A plurality of cylinders are provided. An in-cylinder pressure sensor is mounted on each of the plurality of cylinders. A combustion parameter (e.g., the amount of generated heat) is calculated from the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor. The air-fuel ratio for a cylinder is enleaned by reducing a fuel injection amount until the combustion parameter coincides with a predetermined value. Each cylinder is subjected to fuel injection amount reduction control so that the combustion parameter coincides with the predetermined value. The air-fuel ratio for each cylinder is then calculated in accordance with the reduction amount of fuel injection amount. The calculated air-fuel ratios are compared to detect an air-fuel ratio imbalance between the cylinders.

Abstract: The solid electrolytic capacitor of the present invention includes an anode, a dielectric layer formed on the anode, and a solid electrolyte layer formed on the dielectric layer. The solid electrolyte layer includes an oxide of valve metal. It is beneficial that the solid electrolyte layer contains a salt of valve metal in addition to the oxide of valve metal. Furthermore, it is beneficial that the oxide of valve metal is vanadium pentoxide.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a POS terminal includes a printer, a display, a screen display section, a selection operation input section, and an issue section. The printer prints and issues a receipt related to a commodity transaction. The display displays information. The screen display section displays, on the display, a selection screen for selecting an information item to be printed on the receipt. The selection-operation input section selects, according to selection operation in the selection screen displayed by the screen display section, the information item to be printed on the receipt. The issue section issues a receipt on which the information item selected by the selection-operation input section is printed and an information item not selected by the selection-operation input section is not printed.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to promptly detect a crank angle based on in-cylinder pressures and easily compensate for a detection error by processing that has a low computational load. An ECU 50 calculates an in-cylinder pressure ratio (Pn+1/Pn) based on in-cylinder pressures Pn and Pn+1 at two crank angles separated by a predetermined angle ??. The ECU 50 includes map data that represents relations between volume ratio parameters (Vn?/Vn+1?) calculated using in-cylinder volumes Vn and Vn+1 at the crank angles, and the crank angles. Therefore, when cranking, a crank angle can be detected based on the in-cylinder pressure ratio and the map data earlier than a conventional cylinder discrimination operation. Gains included in the in-cylinder pressures Pn and Pn+1 can be removed by dividing the two pressures, and exponential operations and the like can be eliminated by using the map data to thus suppress the computational load.

Abstract: To provide a solid electrolytic capacitor having a high capacitance and an excellent heat resistance. A solid electrolytic capacitor includes: an anode 2; a dielectric layer 3 provided on the surface of the anode 2; a first conductive polymer layer 4a provided on the dielectric layer 3; a second conductive polymer layer 4b provided on the first conductive polymer layer 4a; a third conductive polymer layer 4c provided on the second conductive polymer layer 4b; and a cathode layer provided on the third conductive polymer layer 4c, wherein the first conductive polymer layer 4a is made of a conductive polymer film formed by polymerizing pyrrole or a derivative thereof, the second conductive polymer layer 4b is made of a conductive polymer film formed by polymerizing thiophene or a derivative thereof, and the third conductive polymer layer 4c is made of a conductive polymer film formed by electropolymerizing pyrrole or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A relay failure detecting device includes: an opening-closing unit that is driven by a coil for opening and closing a current pathway; a detecting unit that detects a current value of a current flowing in the coil; an opening-closing instructing unit that outputs an instruction signal to instruct opening and closing of the opening-closing unit; and a failure detecting unit that detects a failure in the opening-closing unit by using the current value output by the detecting unit within a predetermined period of time starting from when the instruction signal is output.

Abstract: A torque estimating system for an internal combustion engine includes a plurality of cylinders and estimates torque for each cylinder. A cylinder pressure of a cylinder pressure sensor (CPS) mounted cylinder #1 is acquired. Measured indicated torque Te1 resulting from an explosion in the CPS-mounted cylinder #1 is calculated based on the cylinder pressure. A first angular acceleration d?1/dt and a second angular acceleration d?2/dt are calculated. Estimated indicated torque Te2 resulting from an explosion in a CPS-less cylinder #2 is calculated using the measured indicated torque Te1 of the CPS-mounted cylinder #1 and a difference value between the second angular acceleration d?2/dt and the first angular acceleration d?1/dt.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device includes a recess portion defined by a pair of opposing first side wall portions and a pair of opposing second side wall portions extending between the first side wall portions and shorter than the first side wall portions. Light emitting elements are arranged on the bottom surface of the recess portion in a direction of the first side wall portions. The light emitting elements include a first light emitting element for emitting light of a first color and a second light emitting element for emitting light of a second color different from the first color and placed closest to the second side wall portion among the light emitting elements. A resin portion containing a phosphor for wavelength-converting a part of the light of the second color into a complementary color of the light of the second color is filled into the recess portion.