Abstract: To culture cells in a suspended state and easily recover the cultured cells. An additive for suspension culture according to an embodiment is a medium additive which is added to a medium for culturing cells in suspension, the medium additive containing a cellulose oligomer. A medium composition according to an embodiment is a medium composition capable of culturing cells in suspension, the medium composition containing a cellulose oligomer. A cell culture method according to an embodiment includes culturing cells in the medium composition.

Abstract: A method for producing a cellooligosaccharide that enables the formation of a cellooligosaccharide having a high degree of polymerization to be suppressed in enzymatic synthesis of a cellooligosaccharide, the method comprising reacting ?-glucose-1-phosphate and at least one primer selected from the group consisting of glucose, cellobiose, and alkylated glucose with cellodextrin phosphorylase in a mixed solvent containing water and a water-soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biocompatible material improved in biocompatibility owing to adsorption of a peptide that has high adhesion with a resin and hardly separates from a surface of the resin, and a functional material including the biocompatible material. The biocompatible material includes a resin and a peptide adsorbed on the resin. The resin has methoxycarbonyl groups and methyl groups, and tryptophan or arginine accounts for 70% or more of amino acid residues in the peptide. As an alternative, the resin is a fluorinated resin, and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-phenylalanine, 3-(trifluoromethyl)alanine, serine, threonine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, or aspartic acid accounts for 40% or more of the amino acid residues in the peptide. The functional material includes the biocompatible material, and a functional substance. The functional substance is held on a surface of the biocompatible material or is released from the surface of the biocompatible material.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel carrier for enzyme immobilization and an immobilized enzyme. The carrier for enzyme immobilization according to an embodiment comprises a porous material and cellulose that has an amino group-containing substituent at an anomeric position and is immobilized on the porous material. The immobilized enzyme contains the carrier for enzyme immobilization and an enzyme immobilization on the cellulose. The carrier for enzyme immobilization is obtained by adding an acid to an aqueous solution in which cellulose having an amino group-containing substituent at an anomeric position is dissolved in an aqueous alkaline solution to deposit the cellulose in the presence of a porous material. The immobilized enzyme is obtained by immobilizing an enzyme on the cellulose.

Abstract: A method for producing a cellooligosaccharide that enables the formation of a cellooligosaccharide having a high degree of polymerization to be suppressed in enzymatic synthesis of a cellooligosaccharide, the method comprising reacting ?-glucose-1-phosphate and at least one primer selected from the group consisting of glucose, cellobiose, and alkylated glucose with cellodextrin phosphorylase in a mixed solvent containing water and a water-soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: To alleviate or eliminate a problem of unburned fuel discharged to the outside of a cylinder in a case in which an air fuel mixture is insufficiently combusted in a combustion chamber. During the expansion stroke in which a high voltage is applied to an ignition plug via an ignition coil, and a spark discharge is caused to occur at the ignition plug, thereby the air fuel mixture in the combustion chamber is ignited and combusted, in a case in which deterioration of combustion state is detected, a microwave electric field is created in the combustion chamber prior to an opening timing of an exhaust valve at an end stage of the expansion stroke, thereby plasma is generated and enlarged in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A power-generating system includes a heat source which is able to produce temporal temperature variation, a first device in which polarization occurs based on the temperature change of the heat source, and a second device for taking out a net generating power from the first device, wherein 80% or higher of the total surface area of the first device is heated and/or cooled with the heat source.

Abstract: An spark ignition type internal combustion engine allows the spark discharge by the ignition plug to react with the electric field created in the combustion chamber and generates the plasma, thereby igniting the fuel air mixture to reduce the emission of the unburned fuel and to improve fuel efficiency of the internal combustion engine in a spark ignition type internal combustion engine that allows an electric field created in a combustion chamber to react with a spark discharge by an ignition plug and generates plasma, thereby igniting fuel air mixture. The engine includes an electromagnetic wave emission device that emits an electromagnetic wave in the combustion chamber when the fuel air mixture is combusted, and a protruding member protruding from a partitioning surface that partitions the combustion chamber. At least a part of the protruding member is made of a conductor.

Abstract: It is configured such that plasma generated at a time of ignition should diffuse over an entire combustion chamber in a spark ignition type internal combustion engine in order to improve fuel efficiency. An ignition device for a spark ignition type internal combustion engine is provided including an ignition plug and a transmission antenna provided in the vicinity of the ignition plug and adapted to transmit an electromagnetic wave to a combustion chamber. The ignition device allows a spark discharge generated between a central electrode and a ground electrode of the ignition plug to react with an electric field created via the transmission antenna in the combustion chamber so as to generate plasma and ignite fuel air mixture. A receiving antenna is arranged on a combustion chamber-facing surface of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve, and is adapted to receive the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the transmission antenna.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a barrier discharge device capable of increasing the combustion efficiency of an engine while overcoming the problems of the cumbersome replacement of the electrodes and the commercialization of the device. The barrier discharge device of an engine includes a dielectric body and at least two barrier discharge electrodes which are held inside the dielectric body and to which voltages for barrier discharge are applied, wherein each of the barrier discharge electrodes are not exposed to the inside of a cylinder bore and are arranged so as to surround the cylinder bore.

Abstract: Measuring equipment is equipped with: a measurement container having formed therein a chamber to be measured, into which a gas to be measured enters, and an inlet passage, through which the gas to be measured is introduced into the chamber to be measured; and a connection structure which, when a plug is not mounted to a plughole that opens into a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine, connects the inlet passage to the plughole. The measurement container may be provided with a plasma generation device, which generates plasma in the chamber to be measured, or a mounting structure for mounting a heating device, which heats the gas to be measured in the chamber to be measured.

Abstract: A power-generating system includes a heat source having a temperature that goes up and down over time; a first device that undergoes electric polarization due to a temperature change of the heat source; and a second device that takes out an electric power from the first device.

Abstract: To alleviate or eliminate a problem of unburned fuel discharged to the outside of a cylinder in a case in which an air fuel mixture is insufficiently combusted in a combustion chamber. During the expansion stroke in which a high voltage is applied to an ignition plug via an ignition coil, and a spark discharge is caused to occur at the ignition plug, thereby the air fuel mixture in the combustion chamber is ignited and combusted, in a case in which deterioration of combustion state is detected, a microwave electric field is created in the combustion chamber prior to an opening timing of an exhaust valve at an end stage of the expansion stroke, thereby plasma is generated and enlarged in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A plasma actuator (1) includes four electrodes (11) and three dielectrics (10) and is disposed on the side of an object surface (B). When a high voltage is applied to the electrodes (11), a plasma (15) is generated at an end (10a) of each dielectric (10) exposed so as to be accessible to a gas. In the plasma actuator (1), the electrodes (11) and dielectrics (10) are alternately stacked one on another. The plasma actuator (1) includes a stepped exposed portion (X). The plasma actuator (1) in which the electrodes (11) and dielectrics (10) are arranged such that the ends (10a) of the dielectrics (10) are exposed in the normal line direction of the object surface (B) in the stacked order in the stepped exposed portion (X) can suppress the flow of the generated plasma even when the plasma actuator is exposed to a high-speed airflow under high pressure. This stabilizes the plasma.

Abstract: A power-generating system includes a heat source which is able to produce temporal temperature variation; a first device which is able to produce temporal temperature variation based on the temperature change of the heat source and in which polarization occurs; a second device for taking out a net generating power from the first device; a detection unit that detects the temperature of the first device; an electric field application unit that applies an electric field to the first device; and a control unit for activating the electric field application unit when the temperature detected by the detection unit is the Curie temperature of the first device or higher.

Abstract: A spark ignition type internal combustion engine 1 causes a spark discharge generated between a center electrode 22 and a ground electrode 23 and an electric field generated via an antenna 16 facing inside of a combustion chamber 6 to interact to generate a plasma and ignite a fuel-air mixture. A combustion state determination device used in the spark ignition type internal combustion engine 1 determines a combustion state of the internal combustion engine 1 by comparing a strength of a reflected wave of an electromagnetic wave applied into the combustion chamber 6 from the antenna 16 with a threshold of a combustion state derived in advance by an experiment. This allows for the determination of the combustion state of the spark ignition type internal combustion engine that causes the spark discharge and the electric field to interact to generate the plasma and ignite the fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: A power-generating system includes a heat source which is able to produce temporal temperature variation, a first device in which polarization occurs based on the temperature change of the heat source, and a second device for taking out a net generating power from the first device, wherein 80% or higher of the total surface area of the first device is heated and/or cooled with the heat source.

Abstract: It is configured such that plasma generated at a time of ignition should diffuse over an entire combustion chamber in a spark ignition type internal combustion engine in order to improve fuel efficiency. An ignition device for a spark ignition type internal combustion engine is provided including an ignition plug and a transmission antenna provided in the vicinity of the ignition plug and adapted to transmit an electromagnetic wave to a combustion chamber. The ignition device allows a spark discharge generated between a central electrode and a ground electrode of the ignition plug to react with an electric field created via the transmission antenna in the combustion chamber so as to generate plasma and ignite fuel air mixture. A receiving antenna is arranged on a combustion chamber-facing surface of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve, and is adapted to receive the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the transmission antenna.

Abstract: An spark ignition type internal combustion engine allows the spark discharge by the ignition plug to react with the electric field created in the combustion chamber and generates the plasma, thereby igniting the fuel air mixture to reduce the emission of the unburned fuel and to improve fuel efficiency of the internal combustion engine in a spark ignition type internal combustion engine that allows an electric field created in a combustion chamber to react with a spark discharge by an ignition plug and generates plasma, thereby igniting fuel air mixture. The engine includes an electromagnetic wave emission device that emits an electromagnetic wave in the combustion chamber when the fuel air mixture is combusted, and a protruding member protruding from a partitioning surface that partitions the combustion chamber. At least a part of the protruding member is made of a conductor.

Abstract: A power-generating system includes a heat source which is able to produce temporal temperature variation; a first device which is able to produce temporal temperature variation so as to include at least partially a temperature range of ?20° C. relative to the Curie temperature to +10° C. relative to the Curie temperature based on the temperature change of the heat source, and in which polarization occurs; and a second device for taking out a net generating power from the first device.