Abstract: As a technique of stably producing a crystalline spinel type LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4 having a large specific surface area by microscopically uniform mixing at atomic level of constitutional elements without causing crystal defects, there is proposed a method wherein water-soluble lithium salt and manganese nitrate (Mn(NO.sub.3).sub.2) are dissolved in water and then non-ion water-soluble high polymer containing no metal ion is added as a cation carried body to the resulting aqueous mixed solution and thereafter water is removed from the aqueous mixed solution under heating, preferably at a temperature of not lower than 100.degree. C. to synthesize crystalline spinel type LiMn.sub.2 O.sub.4.

Abstract: An EL lamp having a higher luminescence efficiency and a process for manufacturing the same are provided. The EL element includes an aluminum foil having at least one specularly polished surface, an anodized oxide film formed on the specularly polished surface of the aluminum foil, a light emitting EL layer formed directly on the film, and a transparent electrode formed on the light emitting EL layer. The process for manufacturing an EL lamp includes the steps of polishing specularly at least one of the surfaces of an aluminum foil, forming an anodized oxide film on the specularly polished surface of the aluminum foil, and forming directly on the aluminum oxide film a light emitting EL layer and a transparent electrode.

Abstract: An EL lamp having a higher luminescence efficiency and a process for manufacturing the same are provided. The EL element includes an aluminum foil having at least one specularly polished surface, an anodized oxide film formed on the specularly polished surface of the aluminum foil, a light emitting EL layer formed directly on the film, and a transparent electrode formed on the light emitting EL layer. The process for manufacturing an EL lamp includes the steps of polishing specularly at least one of the surfaces of an aluminum foil, forming an anodized oxide film on the specularly polished surface of the aluminum foil, and forming directly on the aluminum oxide film a light emitting EL layer and a transparent electrode.