Abstract: The communication system includes: first terminal devices connected to a transmission path and having terminal information; a second terminal device connected to the path and sending an information request requesting the information from the first terminal device; a first superimposing apparatus interposed between the first terminal device and the path; and a second superimposing apparatus interposed between the second terminal device and the path and receiving the request from the second terminal device. The first superimposing apparatus acquires the information from the connected first terminal device at predetermined timings and stores it. Upon receiving the request, the second superimposing apparatus sends the request to the first superimposing apparatus using a superimposed signal superimposed on a transmission signal transmitted via the path. Upon receiving the request, the first superimposing apparatus sends the information to the second superimposing apparatus using the superimposed signal.

Abstract: A signal transceiving section transmits a transmission signal to a transmission path, each frame in the transmission signal is divided into a plurality of periods in a time axis direction, and the plurality of periods includes superimposing period for superimposing a superimposed signal. A transmission unit includes a signal adjustment section for changing the proportion of the superimposing period in one frame of the transmission signal. The signal adjustment section adjusts the proportion of the superimposing period in accordance with a transmission state of the superimposed signal transmitted between second communication terminals. The signal adjustment section may adjust the proportion of the superimposing period so that the proportion of the superimposing period in one frame of the transmission signal increase with increasing the volume of transmission data transmitted between the second communication terminals through the superimposed signal.

Abstract: A wafer is provided that is stacked on and anodically bonded to another wafer to form a plurality of package products each having a cavity in which an operation piece is contained between the wafers. The wafers has a product area in which a plurality of concave portions are formed each of which will be part of the cavity when stacked on the another wafer, and grooves or slits are formed extending from the central portion in radial direction to the outside in radial direction of the wafer and reaching the outside of the product area.

Abstract: To provide an improved solderability for mounting an electronic component onto a circuit board, a package of an electronic component (1) is formed by bonding together a base (3) made of glass and a lid (2). Outer electrodes (8) and (18) are formed on a bottom surface of the base (3), and the outer electrodes (8) and (18) are respectively connected to through electrodes (7) and (17). The outer electrodes (8) and (18) each have a laminated structure of three CrAu layers, that is, from a Cr layer (first layer) to an Au layer (sixth layer). When the outer electrodes (8) and (18) are soldered onto a circuit board, the Au layers as the second, fourth, and sixth layers are dissolved into solder, whereas the Cr layers as the third and fifth layers, which hardly form an intermetallic compound with solder, are separated to remain in solder.

Abstract: This piezoelectric vibrator is provided with a package that is structured to include a first substrate and a second substrate that are bonded to each other such that a cavity is formed therebetween, an internal electrode portion that is formed on the first substrate and housed in the cavity, a piezoelectric vibrating reed that is sealed in the cavity and also is electrically connected to the internal electrode portion in the cavity, an external electrode portion that is formed on an external surface of the first substrate, a through electrode portion that is disposed so as not to be overlapped by the external electrode portion in a thickness direction of the first substrate, while one end of the through electrode portion is electrically connected to the internal electrode portion and another end of the through electrode portion is formed on the external surface of the first substrate while penetrating through the first substrate, and a routing wiring portion that electrically connects the through electrode po

Abstract: Hot briquette iron includes a plurality of reduced iron particles which are bonded to each other by hot forming, wherein the reduced iron particles each have a surface region having an average carbon content of 0.1 to 2.5% by mass and a central region positioned inside the surface region and having an average carbon content higher than that of the surface region.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for preventing the adhesive of metallic iron and/or wustite (which is a material produced by the heat reduction of iron oxide contained in a powder derived from an agglomerate that comprises, as a raw material, a mixture containing a iron-oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing material) on a heath of a movable furnace heath type heating furnace without largely changing the design of a facility for the production, in the production of metallic iron by placing the agglomerate on the heath and heating the agglomerate in the heating furnace to reduce iron oxide contained in the agglomerate. A heath-forming material for preventing the cohesive of metallic iron and/or wustite (which is a material produced by the heat reduction of iron oxide contained in the powder derived from the agglomerate) on the heath is charged into the furnace together with the agglomerate.

Abstract: A particulate detection system (1, 2, 3) detects the quantity of particulates S contained in exhaust gas EG discharged from an internal combustion engine ENG and flowing through an exhaust pipe EP. The system (1, 2, 3) includes a detection section (10) attached to the exhaust pipe EP; and a drive processing circuit (201) electrically connected to the detection section (10), driving the detection section (10), and detecting and processing a signal Is from the detection section 10. The drive processing circuit (201) includes drive start delay means (S2, S3, S11, S12, S13, S22, S23) for delaying start of the drive of the detection section (10) until a start condition determined by the drive processing circuit (201) is satisfied after startup of the internal combustion engine ENG.

Abstract: Providing a package and a method for manufacturing the package capable of achieving improvement in the degree of vacuum in the cavity, and to provide a piezoelectric vibrator, an oscillator, an electronic device, and a radio-controlled timepiece. There is provided a package which includes a plurality of kinds of gettering materials 20, 21 having different activation temperatures and which are capable of being activated by heating is disposed in the cavity C.

Abstract: There is provided a fine particle detection system with a fine particle sensor, a cable and a sensor drive control device. The fine particle sensor has an ion source unit with first and second electrodes, a particle charging unit and inner and outer sensor casings. The cable has a power supply wiring line connected to the second electrode, an inner shield line electrically continuous with the inner sensor casing and an outer shield line electrically continuous with the outer sensor casing. The sensor drive control device has an ion-source power supply circuit, a signal current detection circuit, an inner circuit casing electrically continuous with a first output terminal of the ion-source power supply circuit and surrounding the ion-source power supply circuit and an outer circuit casing connected to the ground potential and shielding the ion-source power supply circuit, the signal current detection circuit and the inner circuit casing.

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing method of a package where a gas generated between a base substrate forming wafer and a lid substrate forming wafer at the time of bonding these two wafers to each other can be easily discharged to the outside. In the method, the base substrate forming wafer and the lid substrate forming wafer are laminated to each other by sandwiching the base substrate forming wafer and the lid substrate forming wafer from both sides in the laminating direction using a lower jig and an upper jig arranged in a vacuum chamber thus forming a wafer bonded body having a plurality of cavities in each of which a piezoelectric vibrating piece is sealed, and the wafer bonded body is cut for every one of plurality of cavities thus forming a plurality of packages.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon composite briquette which is used as the raw material of a movable hearth furnace for producing reduced iron having a sufficient carbon content and a higher crushing strength, and also provided is a method for producing reduced iron using the carbon composite briquette. The carbon composite briquette for producing reduced iron has a total SiO2+Al2O3+CaO+MgO content that is between 7 and 15 mass %; an MgO content that is between 0.1 and 6 mass %; an Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio that is between 0.34 and 0.52; a CaO/SiO2 mass ratio that is between 0.25 and 2.0; and a C content such that between 1 and 9 mass % of C is retained in the resulting reduced iron.

Abstract: There is provided a fine particle sensor for detecting fine particles in exhaust gas, including an ion generating unit for generating ions by corona discharge, a charging unit for charging the fine particles by some of the generated ions, an ion trapping ions for trapping a remainder of the generated ions and a casing for accommodating therein the charging unit and the ion trapping unit in a given arrangement direction. The casing has a gas inlet hole and a gas outlet hole formed in a circumferential wall thereof so that the exhaust gas flows in the charging unit through the gas inlet hole and flows out of the ion trapping unit through the gas outlet hole. The gas inlet hole and the gas outlet hole are arranged in such a manner as to at least partially overlap each other when viewed in the given arrangement direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water absorbent material and an interconnected cell porous body which can be optimally used as a flower arranging pedestal and a plant culture medium. The interconnected cell porous body is formed from a resin composition with a polylactic acid-based resin as the main component. The pore walls, formed by joining together the crushed powder fragments formed by crushing the foam of the aforementioned resin composition, form the interconnected cell structure of the aforementioned porous body. The apparent density greater of the interconnected cell porous body is than or equal to 0.01 g/cm3 and a less than or equal to 0.2 g/cm3; the 10% compression stress is greater than or equal to 0.02 MPa and less than or equal to 0.3 MPa; and the compression recovery rate is less than or equal to 95%. The water absorbent material comprises the interconnected cell porous body.

Abstract: Provided is a movable hearth furnace for thoroughly removing alkali metal elements and producing high-strength reduced iron when producing reduced iron using iron production dust containing alkali metal elements in a movable hearth furnace. The movable hearth furnace comprises: a reduction zone for heating and reducing a carbon composite briquette (C) to produce a reduced briquette (D) having an iron metallization rate of 80% or greater; an alkali removal zone, disposed after the reduction zone, for heating the reduced briquette in a reducing atmosphere and removing the alkali metal elements from the reduced briquette to obtain an alkali-free reduced briquette; and a strengthening zone, disposed after the alkali removal zone, for heating the alkali-free reduced briquette in an oxidizing atmosphere and raising the crushing strength of the alkali-free reduced briquette to produce reduced iron product.

Abstract: This piezoelectric vibrator is provided with a package that is structured to include a first substrate and a second substrate that are bonded to each other such that a cavity is formed therebetween, an internal electrode portion that is formed on the first substrate and housed in the cavity, a piezoelectric vibrating reed that is sealed in the cavity and also is electrically connected to the internal electrode portion in the cavity, an external electrode portion that is formed on an external surface of the first substrate, a through electrode portion that is disposed so as not to be overlapped by the external electrode portion in a thickness direction of the first substrate, while one end of the through electrode portion is electrically connected to the internal electrode portion and another end of the through electrode portion is formed on the external surface of the first substrate while penetrating through the first substrate, and a routing wiring portion that electrically connects the through electrode po

Abstract: To achieve small-sized formation by shortening a total length after ensuring a length of a base portion capable of sufficiently reducing vibration leakage, there is provided a piezoelectric vibrating piece 2 including a piezoelectric plate 10 including a pair of vibrating arm portions 11, 12 arranged in parallel with each other in a state of being extended in one direction from base ends to front ends, and a base portion 13 having connecting portions 13a respectively connected to the pair of vibrating arm portions at middle positions from the base ends to the front ends for integrally supporting the pair of vibrating arm portions by way of the connecting portions, exciting electrodes 20, 21 respectively formed on outer surfaces of the pair of vibrating arm portions for vibrating the pair of vibrating arm portions when a drive voltage is applied thereto, a pair of mount electrodes 22, 23 formed on an outer surface of the base portion and electrically connected respectively to the pair of exciting electrodes, i

Abstract: A method for producing granular iron comprising: charging agglomerates formed from a raw material mixture containing an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing agent onto a carbonaceous material spread on a hearth of a furnace; and heating the agglomerates to thereby reduce and melt iron oxides in the agglomerates, wherein the temperature of the agglomerates in the furnace is set in a range between 1200° C. and 1500° C.; the oxygen partial pressure in atmospheric gas under which the agglomerates are heated is set to 2.0×10?13 atm or more at standard state; and the linear speed of the atmospheric gas in the furnace is set to 4.5 cm/second or more.

Abstract: This package is a package formed by bonding a plurality of substrates including a first substrate and a second substrate and forming a cavity between the plurality of substrates, including a corrosion-resistant bonding film arranged on opposed surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate so as to surround the cavity, and a high-bonding-property bonding film arranged on the opposed surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate inward of the corrosion-resistant bonding film and having a bonding force stronger than the corrosion-resistant bonding film.

Abstract: A wafer is provided that is stacked on and anodically bonded to another wafer to form a plurality of package products each having a cavity in which an operation piece is contained between the wafers. In a portion of the wafer located inward with respect to the outer circumference of a product area in which a plurality of concave portions are formed each of which will be part of the cavity when stacked on the another wafer, a depressed area or through hole is formed having a plane area larger than that of one of the concave portions.