Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication apparatus is provided with first and second determination units. The first unit determines based on a first carrier sense threshold whether busy state or not and specifies a first time when busy state is determined with the first threshold, and determines based on a second carrier sense threshold smaller than the first threshold whether busy state or not and specifies a second time when busy state is determined. The second unit determines, if at least busy state is determined based on the second threshold and the second time precedes a reference time equal to or earlier than the first time, to perform processing for avoiding interference.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication apparatus is provided with first and second determination units. The first unit determines based on a first carrier sense threshold whether busy state or not and specifies a first time when busy state is determined with the first threshold, and determines based on a second carrier sense threshold smaller than the first threshold whether busy state or not and specifies a second time when busy state is determined. The second unit determines, if at least busy state is determined based on the second threshold and the second time precedes a reference time equal to or earlier than the first time, to perform processing for avoiding interference.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication terminal including a receiver, a first processor, a first storage, a second storage, a second processor, and a transmitter is provided. The receiver receives one physical packet that includes at least one frame body field, a first field including information on a length of the frame body field, a second field used to detect an error of the frame body field, and a sequence number field including a sequence number corresponding to the frame body field. The second storage retains a successively and successfully received maximum sequence number on the basis of a result of the first processor. The transmitter transmits a response frame indicating the successively and successfully received maximum sequence number when the first processor extracts at least one correct frame body.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication apparatus includes following units. The first timer measures first time intervals. The second timer measures second time intervals. The time interval selection unit selects a second time interval among second time intervals included in each first time interval. The control unit controls the transmitting unit and the receiving unit to operate, during the selected second time interval, in a first operational state in which a transmission of a connection request signal and a wait for reception of a response signal are repeatedly performed, and to operate, during each of the second time intervals other than the selected second time interval, in a second operational state in which a wait for reception of a connection request signal transmitted by another apparatus is performed for a third time interval shorter than each of the second time intervals.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes a transmission and reception processing unit which communicates using a first communication scheme, by using either a first inter frame spaces of a first type or the second inter frame spaces of the first type, wherein the second inter frame spaces is larger than the first inter frame spaces, the second inter frame spaces is determined based on an inter frame space used in a second communication scheme.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication apparatus includes a storage, a selection unit, a processing unit. The storage stores a first set and a second set, including first frame spaces of one or more types and the second set including second frame spaces of the one or more types, each of the second frame spaces that are identical in type to the first frame spaces being not less than the first frame spaces, and a second frame space of any one of the types being longer than a first frame space of the any one of the types. The selection unit selects either the first set or the second set. The processing unit communicates with a first apparatus, by using either the first frame spaces or the second frame spaces.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a wireless apparatus including: a reception unit which receives a data signal having a header field and a data field, the header field including a reply request which specifies either an acknowledgement or a negative acknowledgement; a decision unit which decides a reception result indicating whether the header field and the data field have been received successfully or unsuccessfully; and a transmission unit which transmits the acknowledgement or the negative acknowledgement in accordance with the reply request and the reception result of the data field when the header field has been received successfully, and transmits the negative acknowledgement when the header field has been received unsuccessfully.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a transmitting device includes a wireless transmitting unit which wirelessly transmits data. The transmitting device includes a wireless receiving unit which receives the data wirelessly transmitted by the wireless transmitting unit. The transmitting device includes a synchronization signal outputting unit which outputs a synchronization signal to a signal transmitting medium of an electric conductor. The transmitting device includes a synchronization outputting unit which receives the synchronization signal from the signal transmitting medium and outputs a signal including the data received by the wireless receiving unit according to the synchronization signal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication terminal including a receiver, a first processor, a first storage, a second storage, a second processor, and a transmitter is provided. The receiver receives one physical packet that includes at least one frame body field, a first field including information on a length of the frame body field, a second field used to detect an error of the frame body field, and a sequence number field including a sequence number corresponding to the frame body field. The second storage retains a successively and successfully received maximum sequence number on the basis of a result of the first processor. The transmitter transmits a response frame indicating the successively and successfully received maximum sequence number when the first processor extracts at least one correct frame body.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication apparatus is provided with first and second determination units. The first unit determines based on a first carrier sense threshold whether busy state or not and specifies a first time when busy state is determined with the first threshold, and determines based on a second carrier sense threshold smaller than the first threshold whether busy state or not and specifies a second time when busy state is determined. The second unit determines, if at least busy state is determined based on the second threshold and the second time precedes a reference time equal to or earlier than the first time, to perform processing for avoiding interference.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication terminal including a receiver, a first processor, a first storage, a second storage, a second processor, and a transmitter is provided. The receiver receives one physical packet that includes at least one frame body field, a first field including information on a length of the frame body field, a second field used to detect an error of the frame body field, and a sequence number field including a sequence number corresponding to the frame body field. The second storage retains a successively and successfully received maximum sequence number on the basis of a result of the first processor. The transmitter transmits a response frame indicating the successively and successfully received maximum sequence number when the first processor extracts at least one correct frame body.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus in a first wireless system is provided with first, second and third units, and a controller. The first unit transmits frames over a frequency channel using a short or long IFS as compared with a specific one used in a second wireless system with a communication range wider than the first wireless system. The second unit receives frames over the channel. The third unit determines an error characteristic in the received frames and/or a busy status of the channel. The controller controls at least either one of whether to change the frequency channel or not, and whether to change a duration of an interframe space or not.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wireless communication apparatus is provided with first and second determination units. The first unit determines based on a first carrier sense threshold whether busy state or not and specifies a first time when busy state is determined with the first threshold, and determines based on a second carrier sense threshold smaller than the first threshold whether busy state or not and specifies a second time when busy state is determined. The second unit determines, if at least busy state is determined based on the second threshold and the second time precedes a reference time equal to or earlier than the first time, to perform processing for avoiding interference.

Abstract: A glass substrate for a Cu—In—Ga—Se solar cell. The glass substrate includes the specific amounts of SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, ZrO2, Na2O and K2O. In the glass substrate, MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO is from 10 to 30%, Na2O+K2O is from 8 to 20%, Na2O/K2O is from 0.7 to 2.0, and (2×Na2O-2×MgO—CaO)×(Na2O/K2O) is from 3 to 22. The glass substrate has a glass transition temperature of from 640 to 700° C., an average coefficient of thermal expansion of from 60×10?7 to 110×10?7/° C., and a density of from 2.45 to 2.9 g/cm3.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a transmitting device includes a wireless transmitting unit which wirelessly transmits data. The transmitting device includes a wireless receiving unit which receives the data wirelessly transmitted by the wireless transmitting unit. The transmitting device includes a synchronization signal outputting unit which outputs a synchronization signal to a signal transmitting medium of an electric conductor. The transmitting device includes a synchronization outputting unit which receives the synchronization signal from the signal transmitting medium and outputs a signal including the data received by the wireless receiving unit according to the synchronization signal.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a communication apparatus includes: a measurement module which measures reception power of each field; a determination module which determines whether the reception power is within a range; a calculator which calculates a gain using the reception power if the reception power is not within the range; an adjuster which adjusts a field according to one of an initial gain and the calculated gain; a selector which selects a field length according to the number of field adjustments by the adjuster; and a transmitter which transmits information regarding the field length. When the number of the adjustments is lower than a first threshold value, the selector selects a first value, and when the number of the adjustments is equal to or higher than the first threshold value, the selector selects a second value that is higher than the first value, as the field length.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a wireless communication apparatus for making wireless connection in the first connection attempt state wherein a connection request is attempted using a predetermined frequency channel or the second connection attempt state wherein a connection request is attempted using a plurality of frequency channels. A frame generation unit generates a connection request frame which includes the first field for requesting a search of the plurality of frequency channels in response to occurrence of interference, and the second field indicating whether a corresponding frequency channel is a channel wherein occurrence of interference has been detected. A transmission unit transmits the connection request frame using the predetermined frequency channel in the first connection attempt state, and transmits the connection request frame using the plurality of frequency channels in the second connection attempt state.

Abstract: In a wireless system of one embodiment, a first wireless device includes a first transmitter which transmits an end-of-transmission notification, and a first receiver which receives a change request signal sent from a second wireless device receiving the end-of-transmission notification. The second wireless device includes a second receiver which receives the end-of-transmission notification, and a second transmitter which transmits a change request signal when the end-of-transmission notification is received. The first transmitter transmits a signal at a longer interval after the first receiver receives the change request signal, and the second transmitter transmits a signal at a shorter interval after the second transmitter transmits the change request signal.

Abstract: In a wireless system of one embodiment, a first wireless device includes: a first transmitter which transmits an end-of-transmission notification; and a first receiver which receives a change request signal sent from a second wireless device receiving the end-of-transmission notification. The second wireless device includes: a second receiver which receives the end-of-transmission notification; and a second transmitter which transmits a change request signal when the end-of-transmission notification is received. The first transmitter transmits a signal at a longer interval after the first receiver receives the change request signal, and the second transmitter transmits a signal at a shorter interval after the second transmitter transmits the change request signal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radio apparatus includes: a radio unit; a timer configured to count a first measurement time; a control unit configured to establish a first mode if the first measurement time is shorter than a first time, and establish a second mode if the first measurement time is longer than or equal to the first time; and a power control unit configured to control power to be supplied to the radio unit if the first mode is set and next data is not received even if a second time elapsed, and control power to be supplied to the radio unit if the second mode is set and next data is not received even if a third time elapsed, wherein the radio unit makes a transition to a sleep mode as a result of a power control by the power control unit.