Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and a rear lens group having positive refractive power; upon varying a magnification, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being varied, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the rear lens group being varied; the rear lens group comprising a focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby various aberrations being corrected superbly.

Abstract: An auxiliary power supply system includes a plurality of electrical storage devices that supply power to an electrical device. Each of the storage devices has the communication capability with the electrical device. Each of the storage devices provisionally selects one of a plurality of first communication addresses as a provisional communication address of its own. The plurality of first communication addresses have been set for the plurality of electrical storage devices by the electrical device. Each of the storage devices returns a response signal in reply to a transmission signal, to which the provisional communication address of its own is added. Each of the storage devices changes, when finding that any communication error has occurred while returning the response signal, the provisional communication address of its own into one of one or more unused communication addresses belonging to the plurality of first communication addresses that have been set.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object along an optical axis: a first lens group having a negative refractive power; a second lens group having a positive refractive power; a third lens group having a negative refractive power; a fourth lens group; and a fifth lens group. When the zoom lens performs varying magnification, the distance between the first and second lens groups changes, the distance between the second and third lens groups changes, the distance between the third and fourth lens groups changes, the distance between the fourth and fifth lens groups changes, the second and fourth lens groups move along the same trajectory along the optical axis, and at least the third lens group moves along the optical axis.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and a rear lens group having negative refractive power; upon varying a magnification from a wide angle end state to a tele photo end state, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being varied, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the rear lens group being varied; the third lens group or the rear lens group comprising a focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby various aberrations being corrected superbly.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object along an optical axis: a first lens group having a negative refractive power; a second lens group having a positive refractive power; a third lens group having a negative refractive power; a fourth lens group; and a fifth lens group. When the zoom lens performs varying magnification, the distance between the first and second lens groups changes, the distance between the second and third lens groups changes, the distance between the third and fourth lens groups changes, the distance between the fourth and fifth lens groups changes, the second and fourth lens groups move along the same trajectory along the optical axis, and at least the third lens group moves along the optical axis.

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL) comprises a first negative lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power; and a second negative lens group (G4) disposed closer to an image than the first negative lens group (G2), wherein a distance between the first negative lens group (G2) and the second negative lens group (G4) changes during zooming, at least part of the first negative lens group (G2) is movable so as to have a displacement component in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis, at least part of the second negative lens group (G4) is movable along the optical axis during focusing, and the following conditional expression, 0.50<fGb/fGa<2.60 is satisfied, where, fGa: a focal length of the first negative lens group (G2), and fGb: a focal length of the second negative lens group (G4).

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL) comprises a first negative lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power; and a second negative lens group (G4) disposed closer to an image than the first negative lens group (G2), wherein a distance between the first negative lens group (G2) and the second negative lens group (G4) changes during zooming, at least part of the first negative lens group (G2) is movable so as to have a displacement component in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis, at least part of the second negative lens group (G4) is movable along the optical axis during focusing, and the following conditional expression, 0.50<fGb/fGa<2.60 is satisfied, where, fGa: a focal length of the first negative lens group (G2), and fGb: a focal length of the second negative lens group (G4).

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having negative refractive power, a second lens group having positive refractive power, a third lens group having negative refractive power and a fourth lens group having positive refractive power; upon varying a magnification, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being varied, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the fourth lens group being varied; the first lens group consisting of, in order from the object side, a negative lens and a positive lens; and the second lens group consisting of, in order from the object side, a 2a lens group having positive refractive power, a 2b lens group having positive refractive power, and a 2c lens group having negative refractive power, whereby the variable magnification optical system having high optical performance and being downsized, is provided.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and a rear lens group having positive refractive power; upon varying a magnification, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being varied, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the rear lens group being varied; the rear lens group comprising a focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby various aberrations being corrected superbly.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprises, in order from an object side, a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, a negative third lens group and a positive fourth lens group. Upon varying a magnification, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group, and a distance between the third lens group and the fourth lens group are varied. The first lens group consists of, in order from the object side, a negative lens and a positive lens. The second lens group consists of, in order from the object side, a positive 2a lens group, a positive 2b lens group, and a negative 2c lens group. A downsized system having high optical performance is provided.

Abstract: A zoom optical system includes a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group disposed on an image side of the first lens group, a positive third lens group disposed on an image side of the second lens group, a negative fourth lens group disposed on an image side of the third lens group, and a final lens group disposed on an image side of the fourth lens group and closest to an image. During zooming, distances between lens groups change, and the first lens group moves along an optical axis. A negative focusing lens group is provided, and the final lens group is disposed on an image side of the focusing lens group. A negative vibration proof group of the second lens group may include, in order from an object, a negative lens, an air gap and a cemented lens of a negative lens and a positive lens. The final lens group may have negative refractive power.

Abstract: A backup power supply system of the present invention includes a first auxiliary power supply and a second auxiliary power supply capable of supplying electric power to a first load when failure of a main power supply occurs. In the backup power supply system, a second duration is shorter than a first duration. The first duration is the duration until the first auxiliary power supply becomes capable of supplying electric power to the first load. The second duration is the duration until the second auxiliary power supply becomes capable of supplying electric power to the first load.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and a rear lens group having positive refractive power; upon varying a magnification, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being varied, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the rear lens group being varied; the rear lens group comprising a focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby various aberrations being corrected superbly.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and a rear lens group having negative refractive power; upon varying a magnification from a wide angle end state to a tele photo end state, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being varied, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the rear lens group being varied; the third lens group or the rear lens group comprising a focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby various aberrations being corrected superbly.

Abstract: An auxiliary power supply system includes a plurality of electrical storage devices that supply power to an electrical device. Each of the storage devices has the communication capability with the electrical device. Each of the storage devices provisionally selects one of a plurality of first communication addresses as a provisional communication address of its own. The plurality of first communication addresses have been set for the plurality of electrical storage devices by the electrical device. Each of the storage devices returns a response signal in reply to a transmission signal, to which the provisional communication address of its own is added. Each of the storage devices changes, when finding that any communication error has occurred while returning the response signal, the provisional communication address of its own into one of one or more unused communication addresses belonging to the plurality of first communication addresses that have been set.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and a rear lens group having positive refractive power; upon varying a magnification, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being varied, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the rear lens group being varied; the rear lens group comprising a focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby various aberrations being corrected superbly.

Abstract: A backup power-supply system according to the present invention includes a detector, a power storage unit, and a controller. The detector is configured to detect an abnormality of a power supply that supplies electric power to loads. The power storage unit is configured to supply electric power to the loads when the detector detects the abnormality of the power supply. The controller is configured to monitor a remaining electric energy remaining in the power storage unit, and impose, when the remaining electric energy of the power storage unit is smaller than a threshold electric energy, a limitation on the loads to which the power storage unit supplies the electric power.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system comprising, in order from an object side, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and a rear lens group having negative refractive power; upon varying a magnification from a wide angle end state to a tele photo end state, a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group being varied, a distance between the second lens group and the third lens group being varied, and a distance between the third lens group and the rear lens group being varied; the third lens group or the rear lens group comprising a focusing lens group which is moved upon carrying out focusing from an infinitely distant object to a closely distant object; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby various aberrations being corrected superbly.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object along an optical axis: a first lens group having a negative refractive power; a second lens group having a positive refractive power; a third lens group having a negative refractive power; a fourth lens group; and a fifth lens group. When the zoom lens performs varying magnification, the distance between the first and second lens groups changes, the distance between the second and third lens groups changes, the distance between the third and fourth lens groups changes, the distance between the fourth and fifth lens groups changes, the second and fourth lens groups move along the same trajectory along the optical axis, and at least the third lens group moves along the optical axis.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object along an optical axis: a first lens group having a negative refractive power; a second lens group having a positive refractive power; a third lens group having a negative refractive power; a fourth lens group; and a fifth lens group. When the zoom lens performs varying magnification, the distance between the first and second lens groups changes, the distance between the second and third lens groups changes, the distance between the third and fourth lens groups changes, the distance between the fourth and fifth lens groups changes, the second and fourth lens groups move along the same trajectory along the optical axis, and at least the third lens group moves along the optical axis.