Abstract: A refrigeration air conditioning system having a moisture adsorption means regenerated by discharged condensation heat or other discharged heat of a low temperature range in the refrigeration cycle, and exerting stable cooling performance even at a dry-bulb temperature of 0° C. or less. A desiccant rotor, holds an adsorbent having pore sizes of, for example, 1-1.4 nm in a space at a predetermined temperature range of a dry-bulb temperature of 0° C. or less. Forming of frost on an evaporator is prevented by supplying the dehumidified air by the desiccant rotor to the evaporator disposed on a leeward side thereof in a freezing room as the desiccant rotor is rotated, while the adsorbent having adsorbed moisture is dried and recovers its adsorbing ability by supplying the air dried by discharged heat from a condenser on the windward side thereof to the desiccant rotor outside of the freezing room.

Abstract: Provided are a wire electric discharge machining method for poorly conductive materials, such as solar cell silicon, and a semiconductor wafer manufacturing method and a solar battery cell manufacturing method based on the wire electric discharge machining method. Electrical discharge machining of a high volume resistivity, hard and brittle materials, having a volume resistivity that is equal to or higher than 0.5 ?·cm and equal to or lower than 5 ?·cm is performed by applying a pulse voltage having a pulse width that is equal to or higher than 1 ?sec and equal to or lower than 4 ?sec and having a peak current at the time of machining a wire electrode that is equal to or higher than 10A and equal to or lower than 50A to a wire electrode and generating a discharge pulse between the wire electrode and a subject to be machined.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is used which has heat transfer tubes acting as flow paths of a refrigerant and metal fins having pores opened inward from the surfaces thereof for adsorbing and desorbing moisture in air within the range of a relative pressure of 0.1 to 0.9 so as to transfer heat of the heat transfer tubes to air, wherein the pores have a diameter of 1 to 20 nm and a depth of 1 to 100 ?m.

Abstract: In a range of a wind velocity of 0.5 to 3.5 (m/s) in a refrigeration cycle, when combining absorbent having a small dependency on the wind velocity and the refrigeration cycle, it is not possible to vary dehumidification capability by changing the wind velocity and matching with an actual load is poor. In a refrigerating and air conditioning apparatus having a refrigerator 20 in which refrigerant is put, and having a compressor 20a for compressing the refrigerant, a condenser 20b, and a throttle device 20c, and an evaporator 20d, and a desiccant rotor 1, which is water adsorption means, an adsorbent is supported with the desiccant rotor 1, whose time constant at a water adsorption equilibrium becomes small as a wind velocity increases in the range of the wind velocity of 0.5 to 3.5 m/s, the condenser 20b is disposed upwind of the desiccant rotor 1, and the evaporator 20d is disposed downwind of the desiccant rotor 1.

Abstract: Heat exchangers 40, 40a, 40b for performing heat exchange between a refrigerant and air include fins 45, 45a, 45b for heat transfer, each of which has fine pores each having a diameter ranging from 1 to 3.5 nm for adsorbing water contained in the air by a capillary condensation phenomenon. Preferably, the fine pores are distributed having a different diameter in accordance with the position of the fins 45, 45a, 45b on the surface.

Abstract: To obtain a refrigeration air conditioning system having a dehumidifying function by means of a moisture adsorption means, allowing the moisture adsorption means to be regenerated by use of discharged condensation heat or other discharged heat of a low temperature range in the refrigeration cycle, and exerting stable cooling performance even at a dry-bulb temperature of 0° C. or less. A desiccant rotor 1, being a moisture adsorption means, is made to hold an adsorbent having pore sizes of 5 ?m or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and furthermore preferably 1-1.4 nm in a space at a predetermined temperature range of a dry-bulb temperature of 0° C. or less.

Abstract: Provided are a wire electric discharge machining method for poorly conductive materials, such as solar cell silicon, and a semiconductor wafer manufacturing method and a solar battery cell manufacturing method based on the wire electric discharge machining method. Electrical discharge machining of a high volume resistivity, hard and brittle materials, having a volume resistivity that is equal to or higher than 0.5 ?·cm and equal to or lower than 5 ?·cm is performed by applying a pulse voltage having a pulse width that is equal to or higher than 1 ?sec and equal to or lower than 4 ?sec and having a peak current at the time of machining a wire electrode that is equal to or higher than 10A and equal to or lower than 50A to a wire electrode and generating a discharge pulse between the wire electrode and a subject to be machined.

Abstract: A metal electrode is formed on a substrate. The metal electrode includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer lying, from an outermost surface of the metal electrode toward the substrate, in this order. The first layer contains tin as a principal constituent and the second layer contains a metallic element which produces an eutectic reaction with tin, wherein the melting point of the first layer is higher than the melting point of the second layer. The third layer is an underlying metallic layer for the first and second layers.

Abstract: A metal electrode of the invention is formed on a substrate. The metal electrode includes a first layer, a second layer and a third layer lying from an outermost surface of the metal electrode toward the substrate in this order. The first layer contains tin as a principal constituent and the second layer contains a metallic element which produces an eutectic reaction with tin, wherein the melting point of the first layer is higher than that of the second layer. The third layer is formed as an underlying metallic layer for the first and second layers.

Abstract: A waveguide grating device controlling Bragg wavelength after manufacture of the device includes an optical waveguide on a substrate. A variable stress is applied to a waveguide grating in part of the waveguide to bend at least the portion of the substrate including the waveguide grating, changing the Bragg wavelength.

Abstract: A process of preparation capable of easily preparing cathode materials having a homogeneous composition in a good mass productivity, a cathode material obtained by this process, and a secondary lithium ion battery using the cathode material. Aqueous solutions of each of a lithium salt, a transition metal salt, and a complexing agent are prepared and mixed in a stoichiometric ratio of a cathode material, and therefrom water is removed by spray-drying to give a precursor which is then sintered. High performance secondary lithium ion batteries are obtained by using the obtained cathode material in the positive electrode.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an impregnation type cathode for removing emitter material remaining on the porous sintered body pellets, includes steps for impregnating the emitter material into void spaces between the porous sintered body pellets, heating a phosphoric compound in a vessel up to the temperature in a range of about 100.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C., and dipping the impregnated emitter material into the heated phosphoric compound. The manufacturing method of the present invention creates a cathode which operates stably for a long time with high current density because there is no damage caused when the remaining emitter material is removed from the surface of the porous sintered body pellets.