Abstract: A storage device includes a first memory to which data can be written a plurality of times and a second memory that includes storage elements for which electrical characteristics can be changed only once. The first memory storing first encryption key information and the second memory storing second encryption key information. A controller generated an encryption key using the first encryption key information and the second encryption key information in combination and then encrypts and decrypts data written or read from the first memory. When a host requests an encryption erase, the controller attempts to erase the first encryption key information from the first memory. If the requested erase fails, the controller erases the second encryption key information from the second nonvolatile memory.

Abstract: A storage device includes a first memory to which data can be written a plurality of times and a second memory that includes storage elements for which electrical characteristics can be changed only once. The first memory storing first encryption key information and the second memory storing second encryption key information. A controller generated an encryption key using the first encryption key information and the second encryption key information in combination and then encrypts and decrypts data written or read from the first memory. When a host requests an encryption erase, the controller attempts to erase the first encryption key information from the first memory. If the requested erase fails, the controller erases the second encryption key information from the second nonvolatile memory.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a storage device, after transitioning to a read only mode, performs an authentication process of authenticating a user of the storage device once with respect to power on the storage device, and reads data from a first area according to a read request regardless of management information if the authentication process succeeds in user authentication. The read only mode is a mode in which reading data from the first area and a second area is allowed while writing data into the first and second areas is prohibited.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a memory system includes a host interface, a first storage unit which stores data in a nonvolatile manner, and a memory controller. The memory controller includes a management information generating unit which generates command information for every command received from a host through the host interface and a digital signature calculating unit which generates a digital signature from the command information using a secret key. The management information generating unit generates management information which contains the command information and the digital signature for the every command.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a nonvolatile semiconductor memory in which writing is carried out at a page unit and erasing is carried out at a block unit larger than the page unit, and a controller for transferring data between a host device and the nonvolatile semiconductor memory. The controller includes a log-management section that is configured to: (i) record a page unit of log data in a buffer area each time a monitored event (e.g., error) occurs, the buffer area being partitioned into a plurality of pages and the page unit of log data is recorded in a designated page of the buffer area, and (ii) prior to recording the page unit of log data in the designated page, copy part of the designated page to another page of the buffer area.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a managing method of a storage device including a storage unit capable of being divided into a plurality of storage areas, and being capable of setting an access restriction for each of the storage areas, the method includes setting access restriction information on the access restriction to a desired one of the storage areas, and setting predetermined information which indicates whether the desired storage area is accessible or not and which is capable of being recognized by a host system.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a memory includes OS startup data, an OS and user data, and a program for copying the OS startup data, the OS, and the user data onto another memory system. In a case of a read-only mode, when receiving a read command for the OS startup data from the host device, a controller reads the program stored in the memory and transmit the program to a host device.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a memory system includes a host interface, a first storage unit which stores data in a nonvolatile manner, and a memory controller. The memory controller includes a management information generating unit which generates command information for every command received from a host through the host interface and a digital signature calculating unit which generates a digital signature from the command information using a secret key. The management information generating unit generates management information which contains the command information and the digital signature for the every command.

Abstract: A storage device according to an embodiment includes: a host interface connected to a host; a memory including a first buffer that stores a logical address range designated by an invalidation instruction received from the host via the host interface and a second buffer that stores an internal logical address range which is an area combination with the logical address range; a nonvolatile memory; and a controller. The controller includes: an invalidation instruction processor that stores the logical address range designated by the invalidation instruction in the first buffer; an area combination executor that generates the internal logical address range by the area combination with the logical address range and stores the internal logical address range in the second buffer; and an invalidation executor that executes invalidation processing on the nonvolatile memory based on the internal logical address range.

Abstract: A storage device according to an embodiment includes: a host interface connected to a host; a memory including a first buffer that stores a logical address range designated by an invalidation instruction received from the host via the host interface and a second buffer that stores an internal logical address range which is an area combination with the logical address range; a nonvolatile memory; and a controller. The controller includes: an invalidation instruction processor that stores the logical address range designated by the invalidation instruction in the first buffer; an area combination executor that generates the internal logical address range by the area combination with the logical address range and stores the internal logical address range in the second buffer; and an invalidation executor that executes invalidation processing on the nonvolatile memory based on the internal logical address range.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a nonvolatile semiconductor memory in which writing is carried out at a page unit and erasing is carried out at a block unit larger than the page unit, and a controller for transferring data between a host device and the nonvolatile semiconductor memory. The controller includes a log-management section that is configured to: (i) record a page unit of log data in a buffer area each time a monitored event (e.g., error) occurs, the buffer area being partitioned into a plurality of pages and the page unit of log data is recorded in a designated page of the buffer area, and (ii) prior to recording the page unit of log data in the designated page, copy part of the designated page to another page of the buffer area.

Abstract: An optical disc includes a SPOKE potion for detecting a position in a circumferential direction of the optical disc, which is formed on an inner or outer circumferential side relative to a data recording area and visible image drawing area. A signal portion in which each signal is constituted by a pair of light nonreflecting portion and light reflecting portion is formed in the SPOKE portion. The signal portion includes a first signal portion in which signal widths of the nonreflecting portion and reflecting portion are the same and a second signal portion in which the signal widths of the nonreflecting portion and reflecting portion are changed.

Abstract: An optical disk is an information recording type optical disk capable of recording a visible image on one surface, and includes a disk substrate including an information recording layer in which a mark indicating information is recorded by laser beam, and a label recording region capable of recording the visible image by the laser beam and a label side information recording region which is disposed on an inner peripheral side or an outer peripheral side from the label recording region and in which a recording mark indicating printing information is recorded by laser beam are formed on the disk substrate. The visible image is additionally printed on the label recording region based on the printing information using laser beam.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus has a rotation section which rotates an optical disk having a photoimageable layer, a pickup section having a laser radiation section which irradiates the laser light onto the photoimageable layer, a driving section for the pickup section, an irradiation driving section which supplies a driving current to the laser radiation section, a generating section which receives image information, adds identification information for the image information thereto, and generates drive information for the pickup section and the irradiation driving section, based on the image information, and a control section which, in accordance with the drive information, controls the position of the laser light by controlling the driving section, and controls gradation of a visualized image, to render a visualized image on the optical disk in accordance with the image information and the identification information.

Abstract: There provided an audio device that includes, in its housing, an audio section outputting an identification signal, receiving an input signal, amplifying the input signal and output an output signal, and an optical disc device which, only when receiving an identification signal from the audio section, playing back the optical disc in response to an instruction signal, and, when not receiving the identification signal, does not play back the optical disc even if it receives the instruction signal. Thus, even if only the optical disc device is removed from the housing, connected to a PC and receives a read instruction signal, information in the optical disc cannot be illegally read.