Abstract: A cell culture apparatus is provided, including a storage tank including one or a plurality of cell culture units, in which the cell culture unit includes a culture chamber having an inner surface-side space in which a culture solution is stored, a permeable membrane having a first surface to which cells are adherable and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface facing the inner surface-side space, a culture solution storage chamber that stores the culture solution, a culture solution introduction flow path that introduces the culture solution in the culture solution storage chamber to the inner surface-side space, and a culture solution discharge flow path that sends, to the culture solution storage chamber, the culture solution which permeates through the membrane from the inner surface-side space and flows into an outer surface-side space that the second surface of the membrane faces.

Abstract: A cell culture apparatus, includes a connected culture container including n number of units disposed in parallel along a second direction that is a different direction from a first direction where each of the n number of the units is constituted of m number of culture chambers and one or more communication-channels, the m number of the culture chambers each having a cell-holding portion that holds seeded cells, the m number of the culture chambers storing liquid culture media, the m number of the culture chambers being disposed in parallel along the first direction, the communication-channels communicating the m number of the culture chambers with each other; and a plurality of pneumatic pipes communicating same-row-disposed culture chambers that are disposed on a same row along the second direction with each other in the connected culture container.

Abstract: A cell culture device includes a storage tank having one or a plurality of cell culture units. The cell culture units includes a culture liquid main chamber having a circulation space through which a culture liquid of cells circulates, a permeable membrane having one surface to which the cells are able to adhere, said one face facing the circulation space, a first culture liquid storage chamber having an airtight structure in which the culture liquid is to be stored, a second culture liquid storage chamber in which the culture liquid is to be stored, a culture liquid introduction flow path that introduces the culture liquid from the first culture liquid storage chamber into the circulation space of the culture liquid main chamber, and a culture liquid lead-out flow path that introduces the culture liquid from the circulation space into the second culture liquid storage chamber.

Abstract: A cell culture device includes a storage tank having one or a plurality of cell culture units. Each of the cell culture units includes a first liquid storage chamber having an airtight structure in which a liquid is to be stored, a second liquid storage chamber in which the liquid is to be stored, a culture liquid storage chamber having a culture liquid storage space in which a culture liquid of cells is to be stored, a permeable membrane having one surface to which the cells are able to adhere, said one face facing the culture liquid storage space, and a liquid lead-out flow path that introducing the liquid from a space on the other surface side of the membrane into the second liquid storage chamber, the first liquid storage chamber being set as a supply source of the liquid.

Abstract: A cell culture apparatus is provided, including a storage tank including one or a plurality of cell culture units, in which the cell culture unit includes a culture chamber having an inner surface-side space in which a culture solution is stored, a permeable membrane having a first surface to which cells are adherable and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface facing the inner surface-side space, a culture solution storage chamber that stores the culture solution, a culture solution introduction flow path that introduces the culture solution in the culture solution storage chamber to the inner surface-side space, and a culture solution discharge flow path that sends, to the culture solution storage chamber, the culture solution which permeates through the membrane from the inner surface-side space and flows into an outer surface-side space that the second surface of the membrane faces.

Abstract: A cell culture device includes a storage tank having one or a plurality of cell culture units. The cell culture units includes a culture liquid main chamber having a circulation space through which a culture liquid of cells circulates, a permeable membrane having one surface to which the cells are able to adhere, said one face facing the circulation space, a first culture liquid storage chamber having an airtight structure in which the culture liquid is to be stored, a second culture liquid storage chamber in which the culture liquid is to be stored, a culture liquid introduction flow path that introduces the culture liquid from the first culture liquid storage chamber into the circulation space of the culture liquid main chamber, and a culture liquid lead-out flow path that introduces the culture liquid from the circulation space into the second culture liquid storage chamber.

Abstract: A cell culture device includes a storage tank having one or a plurality of cell culture units. Each of the cell culture units includes a first liquid storage chamber having an airtight structure in which a liquid is to be stored, a second liquid storage chamber in which the liquid is to be stored, a culture liquid storage chamber having a culture liquid storage space in which a culture liquid of cells is to be stored, a permeable membrane having one surface to which the cells are able to adhere, said one face facing the culture liquid storage space, and a liquid lead-out flow path that introducing the liquid from a space on the other surface side of the membrane into the second liquid storage chamber, the first liquid storage chamber being set as a supply source of the liquid.

Abstract: A cell culture apparatus, includes a connected culture container including n number of units disposed in parallel along a second direction that is a different direction from a first direction where each of the n number of the units is constituted of m number of culture chambers and one or more communication-channels, the m number of the culture chambers each having a cell-holding portion that holds seeded cells, the m number of the culture chambers storing liquid culture media, the m number of the culture chambers being disposed in parallel along the first direction, the communication-channels communicating the m number of the culture chambers with each other; and a plurality of pneumatic pipes communicating same-row-disposed culture chambers that are disposed on a same row along the second direction with each other in the connected culture container.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first recording head including nozzles, each nozzle discharging liquid droplets, a second recording head including nozzles, each nozzle discharging liquid droplets, a detector to detect whether there is a non-discharging nozzle among the nozzles of the first recording head and the second recording head, the non-discharging nozzle being incapable of discharging the liquid droplets, and a controller to control at least one of the amount of the liquid droplet discharged from an adjacent nozzle to the non-discharging nozzle of the first recording head and the amount of the liquid droplet discharged from an adjacent nozzle to the non-discharging nozzle of the second recording head when the target landing position of the liquid droplet of the non-discharging nozzle of the first recording head is the same as the target landing position of the liquid droplet of the non-discharging nozzle of the second recording head.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first recording head including nozzles, each nozzle discharging liquid droplets, a second recording head including nozzles, each nozzle discharging liquid droplets, a detector to detect whether there is a non-discharging nozzle among the nozzles of the first recording head and the second recording head, the non-discharging nozzle being incapable of discharging the liquid droplets, and a controller to control at least one of the amount of the liquid droplet discharged from an adjacent nozzle to the non-discharging nozzle of the first recording head and the amount of the liquid droplet discharged from an adjacent nozzle to the non-discharging nozzle of the second recording head when the target landing position of the liquid droplet of the non-discharging nozzle of the first recording head is the same as the target landing position of the liquid droplet of the non-discharging nozzle of the second recording head.

Abstract: An image processing method includes dividing a first image into regions according to content of the first image; generating a second image by converting a gradation of pixels of the first image into a gradation of pixels expressible in an image forming apparatus for each region; generating a piece of simulation information of a result of the image forming/outputting process based on the second image and nozzle characteristic information of the image forming apparatus; calculating an error between the first image and a third image for each of the regions, the third image being obtained by converting the piece of simulation information with the gradation of pixels of the first image; and deciding one of the second images as rendering information used to cause the image forming apparatus to perform an image forming/outputting process, based on the calculated errors between the first image and the third images.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that performs correction to make gradation values adding both of two head areas (A+C, B+D) approximately equal. An area whose density is the lowest is set as a target density. Assuming densities for head areas A=70, B=100, C=40, D=90, head areas B and D are corrected with correction amount that ?B become equal to ?D (?B=?D=40) in accordance with target value (A+C=100).

Abstract: An image processing method includes dividing a first image into regions according to content of the first image; generating a second image by converting a gradation of pixels of the first image into a gradation of pixels expressible in an image forming apparatus for each region; generating a piece of simulation information of a result of the image forming/outputting process based on the second image and nozzle characteristic information of the image forming apparatus; calculating an error between the first image and a third image for each of the regions, the third image being obtained by converting the piece of simulation information with the gradation of pixels of the first image; and deciding one of the second images as rendering information used to cause the image forming apparatus to perform an image forming/outputting process, based on the calculated errors between the first image and the third images.

Abstract: A disclosed image processing apparatus performs an image processing operation to execute double-side printing on both sides of an image forming medium. The image processing apparatus forms a dot font including a dot pattern of a character in a character image that has undergone a halftone process using a predetermined coefficient for mitigating show-through when the double-side printing is performed; forms a correction dot for making a correction to reduce step-like irregularities along an outline portion of the character in the character image, which correction dot is formed based on an arrangement position, a color, and a dot size of the correction dot for reproducing a gradation that has undergone the halftone process using said predetermined coefficient; and combines the dot font and the correction dot.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a recording head including a plurality of nozzles for ejecting recording liquid to perform image formation on a recording medium; and a correcting unit. The correcting unit is configured to divide the recording head by different division patterns each indicating that the recording head is divided into a plurality of segments by at least one different dividing point, correct input and output characteristics for each of the segments in each division pattern to calculate correction effect of the each division pattern, and determine one of the division patterns based on the calculated correction effects of the division patterns as a specified division pattern to correct input and output characteristics of the recording head.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that performs correction to make gradation values adding both of two head areas (A+C, B+D) approximately equal. An area whose density is the lowest is set as a target density. Assuming densities for head areas A=70, B=100, C=40, D=90, head areas B and D are corrected with correction amount that ?B become equal to ?D (?B=?D=40) in accordance with target value (A+C=100).