Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery having a negative electrode containing a silicon active material and a nonaqueous solvent containing a fluorine-containing solvent. The active material layer has a fluorine content of 5 to 30 wt % based on the silicon content after at least 100 charge/discharge cycles at a rate of 50% or more of the battery's capacity. The battery is suitably produced by a method including applying a slurry containing silicon active material particles to a current collector, electroplating the resulting coating layer using a plating bath at a pH higher than 7 to coat at least part of the surface of the particles with copper, acid washing the coating layer to make a negative electrode, assembling the negative electrode together with a positive electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte containing a fluorine-containing solvent into a nonaqueous secondary battery, and subjecting the battery to a first charge operation at a low rate of 0.005 to 0.03 C.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device includes: forming a first crack, on a mother substrate for use in a liquid crystal display device, on one side of the mother substrate extending along a first direction; forming a first scribe line by laser irradiation along the first crack in a second direction which intersects with the first direction; forming a second crack on one side extending along a second direction on the mother substrate; forming a third crack at an intersection where the first scribe line intersects with a line in the first direction through the second crack; and forming a second scribe line by laser irradiation along the second crack in the first direction through the third crack.