Abstract: A management device manages batteries. The management device includes an obtaining portion that obtains, from batteries, specific information that specifies identification information of a vehicle that has used the batteries. The management device includes an authenticating portion that authenticates a user by using the specific information obtained from the batteries. The management device includes a replacement receiving portion that receives replacement of the batteries if the authenticating portion authenticates the user.

Abstract: The system is a system for a battery exchanger that accepts a used first battery and provides a charged second battery. The above system includes a support target information receiving unit that receives, from a supporter that supports operation of a battery exchanger, an instruction for selecting the battery exchanger for which the supporter supports operation from among multiple battery exchangers. The above system includes a user information providing unit that provides the supporter with information on the user of the battery exchanger selected by the supporter, according to support value information indicating the value of the support for the operation of the battery exchanger by the supporter.

Abstract: A target information acquiring unit that acquires target information indicating a target condition about a degree of wear of an expendable; a usage information acquiring unit that acquires usage information indicating a degree of usage from a start of usage of the expendable; a wear information acquiring unit that acquires wear information indicating a degree of wear of the expendable; and a deciding unit that decides (i) whether or not usage of each expendable is possible and/or (ii) a degree of priority about usage of each expendable based on (i) a target condition indicated by the target information acquired by the target information acquiring unit, (ii) a degree of usage of each expendable indicated by the usage information acquired by the usage information acquiring unit and (iii) a degree of wear of each expendable indicated by the wear information acquired by the wear information acquiring unit are included.