Abstract: A method is provided that includes forming a transistor by forming a gate disposed in a first direction above a substrate, the gate including a first bridge portion and a second bridge portion, forming the first bridge portion extending in the first direction and disposed near a top of the gate, and forming the second bridge portion extending in the first direction and disposed near a bottom of the gate.

Abstract: Unwanted erosion of dielectric materials around a backside contact trench can be avoided or minimized employing an aluminum oxide liner. An aluminum oxide liner can be formed inside an insulating material layer in a backside contact trench to prevent collateral etching of the insulating material at an upper portion of the backside contact trench during an anisotropic etch that forms an insulating spacer. Alternatively, an aluminum oxide layer can be employed as a backside blocking dielectric layer. An upper portion of the aluminum oxide layer can be converted into an aluminum compound layer including aluminum and a non-metallic element other than oxygen at an upper portion of the trench, and can be employed as a protective layer during formation of a backside contact structure.

Abstract: A method is provided that includes forming a transistor by forming a first a rail gate disposed in a first direction above a substrate, forming a second rail gate disposed in a second direction above the substrate, the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and forming a bridge section disposed between the first rail gate and the second rail gate.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device includes the following processes. A groove is formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first film is formed in a device-formation region and a non-device-formation region of a semiconductor substrate. The first film is patterned to form a second film in the device-formation region and a monitoring pattern in the non-device-formation region. First and second structures are formed over the second film and the monitoring pattern respectively. The first structure has substantially the same pattern defined in a horizontal direction as the second structure. The first and second structures are polished.