Abstract: An integral multilayer analytical element for the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity, which comprises a porous spreading layer containing a self-developable substrate in response to contact with alkaline phosphatase, a buffer layer containing a diffusion-resistant base and a support in a laminated form.

Abstract: An analytical element for quantitative analysis of analyte contained in a body fluid or the like, which has at least one reagent layer comprising a reactive reagent and a binder, characterized in that a portion or whole of the binder is a polycarboxylic acid carrying a nonionic surface active agent attached through ester linkage to at least a portion of the carboxyl groups contained therein.

Abstract: A multilayer analytical element for analysis of analyte in a liquid sample comprising a liquid sample-spreading layer, a reagent layer containing a diazonium salt, and a liquid-impermeable light-transmissive support, being laminated in this order, in which said reagent layer contains a sulfonic acid group-containing polymer having at least 10 molar % of a repeating unit selected from those consisting of a sulfoalkyl group and sulfophenyl group. The analytical element can be an element comprising a porous reagent layer containing a diazonium salt and the liquid-impermeable light-transmissive support, being laminated in this order.

Abstract: In a photochemical immunological assay, an antigen or antibody is labelled with a spectral sensitizer or fogging agent for photographic use, and then an immune reaction is caused. The resulting reaction mixture is dropwise added to a multilayer analysis sheet. After either one of the labelled antigen or antibody (F) or the labelled antigen-antibody bound product (B) is brought into contact with silver halide by passing either one through a B/F separating layer provided in the multilayer analysis sheet, the analysis sheet is exposed with a light that the spectral sensitizer or fogging agent absorbs. Then, the resulting optical density obtained by development processing when a spectral sensitizer is used, or without development processing when a fogging agent is used is measured.The multilayer analysis sheet comprises a support having provided thereon a silver halide layer and a B/F separating layer and makes the photochemical immunological assay simpler and more accurate.

Abstract: In a method for the immunological analysis of trace components by marking or labelling an antigen or antibody with a marker, an immune reaction is caused using an antigen or antibody marked with a fogging agent for silver halide, the labelled antigen or antibody is separated from the labelled antigen-antibody reaction product, the silver halide is developed in the presence of either one of the labelled antigen or antibody and the labelled antigen-antibody reaction product, and the density obtained is measured.The method is comparable to radioimmunoassay in having high reproductibility and sufficient sensitivity but does not involve any risk due to radiation.

Abstract: A photographic photosensitive element containing copolymers comprising(a) 30 to 70 mole % of the recurring unit represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and (b) 70 to 30 mole % of the recurring unit represented by the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium and NH.sub.4 ; in the most upper layer of the element, suitable for processing at temperatures of at least about 27.degree. C. to form an image.

Abstract: A method for forming color images comprising processing a photographic element containing imagewise distributed silver in the presence of a polymer containing at least 30 mol % vinyl pyridines, a dye and an oxidizing agent to thereby oxidation-bleach the dye. Color images having excellent light fastness, heat resistance and humidity resistance are obtained.

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material having a photographic layer containing a copolymer of a styrene component, a maleic acid component and an acrylamide component in which the content of the acrylamide component is about 3 to 30 mol%.

Abstract: A method of increasing the viscosity of photographic coating solutions which comprises adding polymers having therein the repeating unit represented by the following formula (but having a maleic acid content of more than about 40% by mol' ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a t-butyl group, and M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 each represents a cation, which may be identical or different from each other, to gelatin containing photographic coating solutions.

Abstract: A method for forming images which comprises processing a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive element containing in the uppermost layer thereof a matting agent composed of methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymers having a methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid molar ratio of 6:4 to 9:1 at a temperature above about 30.degree. C. The matting agent is capable of being dissolved into alkaline processing solutions and does not adversely affect the transparency and graininess of the images formed.

Abstract: A dye mordant composition containing a polymer comprising repeating units with at least 20 mol % of the repeating units having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group, an aryl group or an allyl group; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group or an allyl group, where the total number of carbon atoms contained in the main chain and/or ring of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is less than 16; n represents an integer from 2 to 20; and X.sup..crclbar. represents an anion.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material having improved anti-static properties comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer and which contains in an outermost layer of the photographic material, in a layer contiguous to a subbing layer for a silver halide emulsion layer in the photographic material, and/or in a layer contiguous to the outermost layer provided on the opposite side of the support to that on which the silver halide emulsion layer is present in the photographic material a compound having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 50,000 and a recurring unit represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group or an alkenyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can combine and form an alkylene chain; R.sub.3 represents an alkylene group or an aralkylene group having 10 or less carbon atoms; and X.sub.1.sup.- and X.sub.2.sup.

Abstract: An image-receiving layer of an image-receiving element used for a color diffusion transfer process comprising a dyeable polymer or mordant polymer having the structural unit represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein Z represents an atomic group necessary for completing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring and X.sup.- represents a monovalent anion;Or represented by the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, or an aralkyl group, and X.sup.- represents a monovalent anion and a color diffusion transfer process using the image-receiving element described above.

Abstract: A method of flocculating a gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsion, which comprises flocculating the silver halide with gelatin at a pH of 6 or less in the presence of a polymer consisting essentially of recurring units represented by General Formula (Ia) or (Ib): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which can be the same or different, represent aliphatic groups, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, X represents --O-- or --NH--, M represents a cation and X and R.sup.3 may linked to each other to form a cyclic amino group.

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material including a support, a non-light sensitive uppermost layer consisting of at least one organic synthetic high polymer compound as a film forming material and at least one light-sensitive layer between the support and the uppermost layer, said organic high polymer compound being selected from the group consisting of the following polymers (A) to (F):polymer (A) comprising repeating units a.sub.1 and a.sub.2 ;______________________________________ a.sub.1 : ##STR1## 80 - 97 mol% a.sub.2 : ##STR2## 3 - 20 mol% ______________________________________Wherein M represents a cation, and m represents 0, 3 or 4;Polymer (B) comprising repeating units b.sub.1, b.sub.2 and b.sub.3 ; ______________________________________ b.sub.1 : ##STR3## 5 - 30 mol% b.sub.2 : ##STR4## 5 - 75 mol% b.sub.3 : ##STR5## 20 - 65 mol% ______________________________________Wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represents --CH.sub.3 or --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, R.sub.3 and R.sub.5 each represents --H or --CH.sub.

Abstract: An intensification processing in photographic processing for color photographic elements is effectively performed with less formation of fog by incorporating in at least one of the silver halide emulsion layers or in an auxiliary layer adjacent to a silver halide emulsion layer one or more compounds of the general formula--(A).sub.x -- (B).sub.y --wherein A represents ##STR1## (wherein R represents ##STR2## or --OH; m represents an integer of 3 to 7; R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and R.sub.

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide photographic layer and at least one layer containing a styrene-maleic acid copolymer in which about 10 to 70 mol % of the carboxylic acid groups of the styrene-maleic acid copolymer is esterified with a compound represented by the following formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: An image-receiving element for use in a color diffusion transfer process which comprises a support having thereon an image-receiving layer containing a mordanting polymer having therein a repeating structural unit represented by the following General Formula (I); ##EQU1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group or an aralkyl group, and each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 and R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 can combine to form an alkylene group; A is an alkylene group, an arylene group or a group of the formula ##SPC1##In which m and n each represents 0 or an integer of at least 1, with at least one of m and n being an integer of at least 1; and X.sup.- and Y.sup.- each represents a monovalent anion, and a method for forming a color image in the color diffusion transfer process comprising spreading an alkaline processing solution between an exposed silver halide photosensitive element and the image-receiving element above described.

Abstract: A photographic emulsion containing a novel amphoteric copolymer which comprises:A. 0.5 to 30 mole % of cation-site containing repeating units of the formula (I) ##EQU1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4;B. 0.5 to 30 mole % of anion-site containing repeating units of the formula (II) ##EQU2## wherein R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and X represents ##SPC1##--COOM, --SO.sub.3 M or --COO(CH.sub.2).sub.m SO.sub.3 M, where M is a cation and m is 3 or 4; andC. the balance of repeating units of the formula (III) ##EQU3## wherein R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group thereof. The novel amphoteric copolymer can be substituted partly or entirely for the gelatin in a photographic emulsion, with excellent photographic effects.

Abstract: Disclosed in an integral multilayer analysis element comprising in order, first at least one reagent layer and second a porous spreading layer laminated on a light-transmissive water-impermeable support, wherein a fluorine-containing surfactant is incorporated at least in said spreading layer. The element is especially suitable for clinical examination of an aqueous liquid sample of a human humor such as blood, lymphatic liquid, saliva, urine, etc. By the incorporation of the F-containing surfactant, the spreadable area can be controlled over a broad range of the spotting amount of a sample liquid without interfering with the metering function of the spreading layer.