Abstract: In a pitch estimation apparatus, a function estimation part estimates a fundamental frequency probability density function of an audio signal by repeating a weight calculation process and an estimated shape specification process. The weight calculation process calculates a weight of each tone model of each fundamental frequency based on an estimated shape of each tone model of each fundamental frequency. The estimated shape indicates a degree of dominancy of a corresponding tone model in a total harmonic structure of the audio signal. The estimated shape specification process specifies each estimated shape of each tone model based on an amplitude spectrum of the audio signal, the harmonic structure of each tone model and the weight of each tone model. A similarity analysis part calculates a similarity index value indicating a degree of similarity between each tone model and corresponding estimated shape.

Abstract: For at least one music piece, a storage section stores tone data of each of a plurality of fragments segmented from the music piece and stores a first descriptor indicative of a musical character of each of the fragments in association with the fragment. Descriptor generation section receives input data based on operation by a user and generates a second descriptor, indicative of a musical character, on the basis of the received input data. Determination section determines similarity between the second descriptor and the first descriptor of each of the fragments. Selection section selects the tone data of at least one fragment on the basis of a result of the similarity determination by the determination section. On the basis of the tone data of the selected at least one fragment, a data generation section generates tone data to be outputted.

Abstract: A sound analysis apparatus employs tone models which are associated with various fundamental frequencies and each of which simulates a harmonic structure of a performance sound generated by a musical instrument, then defines a weighted mixture of the tone models to simulate frequency components of the performance sound, further sequentially updates and optimizes weight values of the respective tone models so that a frequency distribution of the weighted mixture of the tone models corresponds to a distribution of the frequency components of the performance sound, and estimates the fundamental frequency of the performance sound based on the optimized weight values.

Abstract: For each of a plurality of music pieces, a storage device stores respective tone data of a plurality of fragments of the music piece and respective musical character values of the fragments. Similarity determination section calculates a similarity index value indicative of a degree of similarity between the character values of each of the fragments of a main music piece and the character values of each individual fragment of a plurality of sub music pieces. Each of the similarity index values calculated for the fragments of each of the sub music pieces can be adjusted in accordance with a user's control. Processing section processes the tone data of each of the fragments of the main music piece on the basis of the tone data of any one of the fragments of the sub music pieces of which the similarity index value indicates sufficient similarity.

Abstract: A sound analysis apparatus stores sound source structure data defining a constraint on one or more of sounds that can be simultaneously generated by a sound source of an input audio signal. A form estimation part selects fundamental frequencies of one or more of sounds likely to be contained in the input audio signal with peaked weights from various fundamental frequencies during sequential updating and optimizing of weights of tone models corresponding to the various fundamental frequencies, so that the sounds of the selected fundamental frequencies satisfy the sound source structure data, and creates form data specifying the selected fundamental frequencies. A previous distribution imparting part imparts a previous distribution to the weights of the tone models corresponding to the various fundamental frequencies so as to emphasize weights corresponding to the fundamental frequencies specified by the form data created by the form estimation part.

Abstract: A pitch shifting apparatus detects peak spectra P1 and P2 from amplitude spectra of inputs sound. The pitch shifting apparatus compresses or expands an amplitude spectrum distribution AM1 in a first frequency region A1 including a first frequency f1 of the peak spectrum P1 using a pitch shift ratio which keeps its shape to obtain an amplitude spectrum distribution AM10 for a pitch-shifted first frequency region A10. The pitch shifting apparatus similarly compresses or expands an amplitude spectrum distribution AM2 adjacent to the peak spectrum P2 to obtain an amplitude spectrum distribution AM20. The pitch shifting apparatus performs pitch shifting by compressing or expanding amplitude spectra in an intermediate frequency region A3 between the peak spectra P1 and P2 at a given pitch shift ratio in response to the each amplitude spectrum.

Abstract: A sound signal processing apparatus which is capable of correctly detecting expression modes and expression transitions of a song or performance from an input sound signal. A sound signal produced by performance or singing of musical tones is input and divided into frames of predetermined time periods. Characteristic parameters of the input sound signal are detected on a frame-by-frame basis. An expression determining process is carried out in which a plurality of expression modes of a performance or song are modeled as respective states, the probability that a section including a frame or a plurality of continuous frames lies in a specific state is calculated with respect to a predetermined observed section based on the characteristic parameters, and the optimum route of state transition in the predetermined observed section is determined based on the calculated probabilities so as to determine expression modes of the sound signal and lengths thereof.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus has an input that provides a sequence composed of events and a script. The events are data determining time-sequential occurrence of multimedia matter, while the script is a program modifying the time-sequential occurrence of multimedia matter. The data processing apparatus operates when reference is made to the provided sequence for executing the script to rewrite the events, and provides the sequence containing the rewritten events in response to the reference for a modifying the time-sequential occurrence of the multimedia matter.

Abstract: A time fraction or short duration of a musical sound wave is first analyzed by the FFT processing into frequency components in the form of a frequency spectrum having a number of peak energy levels, a predetermined frequency range (e.g. 63.5-2032 Hz) of the spectrum is cut out for the analysis of chord recognition, the cut-out frequency spectrum is then folded on an octave span basis to enhance spectrum peaks within a musical octave span, the frequency axis is adjusted by an amount of difference between the reference tone pitch as defined by the peak frequency positions of the analyzed spectrum and the reference tone pitch used in the processing system, and then a chord is determined from the locations of those peaks in the established octave spectrum by pattern comparison with the reference frequency component patterns of the respective chord types. Thus, the musical chords included in a musical performance are recognized from the sound wave of the musical performance.

Abstract: Automatic performance data of plural channels are read from a memory, these data are interpolated by interpolation data and an automatic performance tone is generated on the basis of the interpolated automatic performance data. The interpolation data can be variably set in accordance with an operation by a player whereby the player's feeling can be reflected freely on the automatic performance in real time performance. Change data for changing the automatic performance data may be stored in a memory and this change data may be selected freely by a selective operation by the player. The selected change data may be variably controlled by an operation by the player. Plural types of change data patterns corresponding to one phrase may be stored and a sequence combination of these change data patterns may be freely set and changed. By these arrangements, an automatic performance which is rich in expression of feeling as in a live performance can be realized.