Abstract: There are provided a composite which is formed of a component (a) or a component (b) and a component (c), or the component (a) or the component (b) and a component (d), and is suitable for various uses such as an electrically-conductive material, (a) oxidized form thin film particles which are obtained by oxidizing graphite, have a carbon skeleton, have a thickness of 0.4 nm to 10 nm and a planar-direction size of at least 20 nm and have lyophilic to a liquid having a relative dielectric constant of at least 15, (b) reduced form thin film particles obtained by partially or completely reducing the above thin film particles so as to have an oxygen content of 0 to 35 wt %, (c) a macromolecule as a matrix component, and (d) low molecular-weight parts which bond a plurality of the thin film particles by a covalent bond, a process for the production of the composite, and a method for reducing oxidized form thin film particles.

Abstract: A developing device 4 includes a developing roller 10 that faces a drum 1, a supplying roller 11 that supplies the toner to the developing roller 10, and a toner container 15 for storing the toner. A toner layer forming roller 12 contacts the developing roller 10 and rotates in the same direction as the developing roller 10. A part of the toner is transferred from the developing roller 10 to the peripheral surface of the toner layer forming roller 12 to form a toner layer. The thickness of the toner layer on the toner layer forming roller 12 is regulated by a blade 13. According to the rotation of the toner layer forming roller 12, the toner layer is carried outside the toner container 15, where the toner layer is transferred to the peripheral surface of the developing roller 10.

Abstract: A image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive body as an image bearing member having a surface layer. The surface layer includes a charge transport layer having the thickness from 10 &mgr;m to 20 &mgr;m. An exposing unit exposes the surface layer to the light to form latent image, and has a resolution greater than 600 dpi. A developing unit develops the latent image with toner so that a toner layer is formed on the photosensitive body. The toner layer formed on the photosensitive body includes two or three layers of toner particles.

Abstract: A heat treatment roll 2 is provided for continuously cooling or heating a treated object such as a resin sheet 5, which is used in an extrusion molded sheet manufacturing apparatus or the like.

Abstract: A developing device 4 includes a developing roller 10 that faces a drum 1, a supplying roller 11 that supplies the toner to the developing roller 10, and a toner container 15 for storing the toner. Atoner layer forming roller 12 contacts the developing roller 10 and rotates in the same direction as the developing roller 10. A part of the toner is transferred from the developing roller 10 to the peripheral surface of the toner layer forming roller 12 to form a toner layer. The thickness of the toner layer on the toner layer forming roller 12 is regulated by a blade 13. According to the rotation of the toner layer forming roller 12, the toner layer is carried outside the toner container 15, where the toner layer is transferred to the peripheral surface of the developing roller 10.

Abstract: The cleaning method described above is characterized by allowing a cleaning agent comprising an oxidizing agent, a chelating agent and fluorine compound to flow on a surface of a material to be treated at a high speed to thereby clean the above surface according to the present invention, deposits adhering firmly to a surface of a material to be treated can readily be removed without damaging the material to be treated.

Abstract: A toner is used in an image-forming apparatus that incorporates a toner-collecting member. The toner-collecting member collects residual toner on a surface of an image-bearing body. The toner includes a spherical toner having at least a binder resin, and an irregularly-shaped particles mixed with the spherical toner. The irregularly shaped particle has an average diameter in the range of 1-50 &mgr;m. The average diameter is 14 to 10% of the diameter of a spot printed by the image-forming apparatus. The irregularly shaped particle is a toner having the same color as the spherical toner. The irregularly shaped particle is a colorless toner. The irregularly shaped particle is charged opposite in polarity to the spherical toner. The irregularly has a roundness of 0.85 or less.

Abstract: The cleaning method described above is characterized by allowing a cleaning agent comprising an oxidizing agent, a chelating agent and a fluorine compound to flow on a surface of a material to be treated at a bigh speed to thereby clean the above surface. according to the present invention, deposits adhering firmly to a surface of a material to be treated can readily be removed without damaging the material to be treated.

Abstract: The cleaning agent described above comprises a surfactant and an organic solvent, and the cleaning method described above is characterized by allowing the cleaning agent described above to flow on the surface of the material to be treated at a high speed to thereby clean the above surface. According to the present invention, deposits adhering firmly to a surface of a material to be treated can readily be removed without damaging the material to be treated.

Abstract: A developing material is used for developing an electrostatic latent image in an electrophotographic process. The developing material includes a toner formed of a resin binder and a coloring material, and an oil added to surfaces of particles of the toner. The oil may be silicone oil or fluorine oil. The oil is in the range of 0.01-3.0 wt. %.

Abstract: A process for preparing reinforced plastic plates comprising molding a thermosetting resin in a mold to form a plate-like body, forming spaced-apart slits extending in the longitudinal direction of the plate-like body with a spacing distance of 1 m at the most just after setting of the resin, suspending the plate-like body from one longitudinal end thereof, fixing a weight to the lower portion of the plate-like body, confining the plate-like body in the horizontal direction by at least one pair of fixing boards, heat-curing the plate-1ike body in the said state, and embedding an elastic resin in said slit portions of the plate-like body.