Abstract: A novel light-emitting device that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The light-emitting device includes a first reflective film, first to fourth layers, and a first electrode. The first electrode overlaps with the first reflective film. The fourth layer is positioned between the first electrode and the first reflective film, and contains a first light-emitting material, which has an emission spectrum having a peak at a first wavelength. The third layer is positioned between the fourth layer and the first reflective film, and contains an organic compound having an ordinary refractive index of 1.45 to 1.75. The second layer is positioned between the third layer and the first reflective film, has a property of transmitting light with the first wavelength, includes a second electrode, and contains an element with an atomic number of 21 to 83 at 5 atomic % or higher.

Abstract: A novel organic compound is provided. Alternatively, an organic compound that emits light with favorable chromaticity is provided. Alternatively, an organic compound that emits blue light with favorable chromaticity is provided. Alternatively, a light-emitting element with favorable emission efficiency is provided. Alternatively, an organic compound with an excellent carrier-transport property is provided. The organic compound includes any of a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofurobisbenzofuran skeleton, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienobisbenzothiophene skeleton, a substituted or unsubstituted benzobisbenzothienobenzofuran skeleton, and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienobisbenzofuran skeleton and one or two amino groups.

Abstract: A novel display apparatus that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The display apparatus includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a first unit, a second unit, and a first intermediate layer; the first unit is located between the second electrode and the first electrode; and the first unit contains a first light-emitting material EM1. The second unit is located between the second electrode and the first unit and contains a second light-emitting material EM2. The first intermediate layer is located between the second unit and the first unit.

Abstract: An implant material may comprise a hole in at least one direction, and a member constituting the hole may comprise grooves. The member constituting the hole may be composed of a pillar and/or a plate. The grooves may be provided in the pillars and/or the plates. Further, a method of manufacturing the implant material may include manufacturing the implant material using a 3D modeling method.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an oriented collagen/apatite material wherein an orientation is controlled, and a method of the oriented collagen/apatite material wherein an orientation is controlled. An orientated collagen/apatite material includes a collagen having an orientation and an apatite, which is produced and fixed on at least one of a surface and an inside of the collagen. The apatite has an orientation similar to or almost the same as a direction of an orientation of the collagen.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an oriented collagen/apatite material wherein an orientation is controlled, and a method of the oriented collagen/apatite material wherein an orientation is controlled. A method of producing an orientated collagen/apatite material according to the present invention, is characterized in that the method comprises; preparing a collagen having an orientation, seeding an osteoblast or a mesenchymal stem cell to produce and fix an apatite having an orientation similar to or almost the same as a direction of an orientation of the collagen on a surface and/or inside of the collagen. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of above mentioned method of producing an orientated collagen/apatite material according to the present invention, is characterized in that the osteoblast is an osteoblast like cell or an osteoblast obtained from a living organism.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an oriented collagen/apatite material wherein an orientation is controlled, and a method of the oriented collagen/apatite material wherein an orientation is controlled. A method of producing an orientated collagen/apatite material according to the present invention, is characterized in that the method comprises; preparing a collagen having an orientation, seeding an osteoblast or a mesenchymal stem cell to produce and fix an apatite having an orientation similar to or almost the same as a direction of an orientation of the collagen on a surface and/or inside of the collagen. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of above mentioned method of producing an orientated collagen/apatite material according to the present invention, is characterized in that the osteoblast is an osteoblast like cell or an osteoblast obtained from a living organism.

Abstract: A shock absorbing structure having a high shock absorption characteristic is provided. The shock absorbing structure includes a solidified portion and a sintered portion. The solidified portion is formed by dissolving and solidifying a plurality of inorganic powder particles. The sintered portion is formed by sintering a plurality of the inorganic powder particles. The sintered portion is connected to the solidified portion. The shock absorbing structure is a composite structure including the solidified portion and the sintered portion and therefore has a high shock absorption characteristic.