Abstract: A method produces xylo-oligosaccharides from a biomass containing xylan and cellulose, which method is convenient and has a high yield of xylo-oligosaccharides because of inhibition of degradation of xylo-oligosaccharides into xylose. In the method of producing xylo-oligosaccharides, a biomass containing xylan and cellulose is hydrolyzed with a cellulase composition having at least activities of xylanase, cellobiohydrolase and ?-glucosidase and substantially free of ?-xylosidase activity during hydrolysis.

Abstract: A method produces xylo-oligosaccharides from a biomass containing xylan and cellulose, which method is convenient and has a high yield of xylo-oligosaccharides because of inhibition of degradation of xylo-oligosaccharides into xylose. In the method of producing xylo-oligosaccharides, a biomass containing xylan and cellulose is hydrolyzed with a cellulase composition having at least activities of xylanase, cellobiohydrolase and ?-glucosidase and substantially free of ?-xylosidase activity during hydrolysis.

Abstract: A method efficiently produces hydroxycinnamic acids having a high quality, from a cellulose-containing biomass. More specifically, the method includes the steps of: obtaining an alkaline filtrate by allowing an alkaline aqueous medium to pass through a cellulose-containing biomass; obtaining a hydroxycinnamic acid extraction liquid by allowing the alkaline filtrate to repeatedly pass through the cellulose-containing biomass; and separating the hydroxycinnamic acid from the hydroxycinnamic acid extraction liquid.

Abstract: An endoxylanase mutant has improved thermal stability. The endoxylanase mutant having endoxylanase activity includes an amino acid sequence at least including substitution of an amino acid residue at one or more positions selected from positions corresponding to position 35, position 44, position 62, position 63, position 101, and position 102 of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in an amino acid sequence of endoxylanase derived from a filamentous fungus.

Abstract: A method efficiently produces a sugar liquid having a high quality from a cellulose-containing biomass. More specifically, the method includes: the step of obtaining an alkaline filtrate by allowing an alkaline aqueous medium to pass through a cellulose-containing biomass; the recirculation filtration step of allowing the alkaline filtrate to repeatedly pass through the cellulose-containing biomass to produce a cellulose-containing solid component; and the step of hydrolyzing the cellulose-containing solid component to obtain the sugar liquid.

Abstract: A method efficiently produces hydroxycinnamic acids having a high quality, from a cellulose-containing biomass. More specifically, the method includes the steps of: obtaining an alkaline filtrate by allowing an alkaline aqueous medium to pass through a cellulose-containing biomass; obtaining a hydroxycinnamic acid extraction liquid by allowing the alkaline filtrate to repeatedly pass through the cellulose-containing biomass; and separating the hydroxycinnamic acid from the hydroxycinnamic acid extraction liquid.

Abstract: In a cemented lens 4 used for a lens unit, a first lens 6 is a plastic lens including a concave lens surface 620 facing a side of a second lens 7. The second lens 7 is a plastic lens including a convex lens surface 710 bonded by an adhesive layer 5 on the concave lens surface 620, and a second flange part 75 surrounding, at an outer peripheral side, the convex lens surface 710. When T0 denotes a center thickness in an optical axis L direction of the second lens 7 and C denotes a thickness in the optical axis L direction of the second flange part 75, the thicknesses T0 and C satisfy the following relationship of: 2.0?T0/C?3.2.

Abstract: An endoxylanase mutant has improved thermal stability. The endoxylanase mutant having endoxylanase activity includes an amino acid sequence at least including substitution of an amino acid residue at one or more positions selected from positions corresponding to position 35, position 44, position 62, position 63, position 101, and position 102 of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 in an amino acid sequence of endoxylanase derived from a filamentous fungus.