Abstract: A photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser element includes: a first semiconductor layer formed by embedding a photonic crystal layer that includes air holes arranged with two-dimensional periodicity in a formation region in a plane parallel to the photonic crystal layer; an active layer formed on the first semiconductor layer; a second semiconductor layer formed on the active layer; and a mesa portion with a mesa shape formed at a surface of the second semiconductor layer, wherein the mesa portion is located inside the formation region of the air holes when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the photonic crystal layer.

Abstract: A measurement device has a sensor and includes a cylindrical housing, an optical fiber that is disposed along the long-side direction of the housing and that has one end disposed in the housing and the other end disposed outside the housing, a first substrate including a light receiving unit disposed on an extension of the one end in the housing, and a second substrate that is electrically connected to the first substrate via a flexible part having flexibility and is disposed at an acute angle or a right angle with respect to the first substrate.

Abstract: A first arithmetic circuit computes a propagation velocity of an ultrasonic wave based on a first time difference between an output timing, at which an ultrasonic element outputs an ultrasonic wave, and a reference timing, at which a comparator circuit outputs a detection signal on reflection off a distal end of a reference pipe, and a length of the reference pipe. A period circuit sets a propagation path detection period to detect a liquid level timing, at which the comparator circuit outputs the detection signal on reflection off the liquid level, based on a longest and shortest propagation path lengths and the propagation velocity. A second arithmetic circuit computes the length of the propagation path based on a second time difference, which is between the liquid level timing and the output timing during the propagation path detection period, and the propagation velocity.

Abstract: An ultrasonic element generates an ultrasonic wave and converts an input ultrasonic wave into an electric signal. A transmission circuit outputs a drive signal to the ultrasonic element. A comparator circuit outputs a first detection signal when the electric signal becomes larger than a threshold value and outputs a second detection signal when the electric signal becomes smaller than the threshold value. An arithmetic circuit computes a distance of a propagation path of the ultrasonic wave based on a time difference between an output timing, at which the ultrasonic element outputs of the ultrasonic wave, and a liquid level timing, at which the comparator circuit outputs the first detection signal, and based on a propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave. A storage unit stores a time difference between the first detection signal and the second detection signal. The transmission circuit increases the drive signal, as the time difference decreases.

Abstract: A liquid level detector has an ultrasonic sensor connected thereto by two signal lines. When a drive signal is output from a drive circuit, the drive signal is output via an impedance matching circuit, thereby transmission and reception signals on the signal lines flow as complementary level signals. A receiver circuit obtains an amplified signal by amplifying the transmission and reception signals with a differential amplifier circuit, and by cutting a same phase noise signal.

Abstract: A measurement device has a sensor and includes a cylindrical housing, an optical fiber that is disposed along the long-side direction of the housing and that has one end disposed in the housing and the other end disposed outside the housing, a first substrate including a light receiving unit disposed on an extension of the one end in the housing, and a second substrate that is electrically connected to the first substrate via a flexible part having flexibility and is disposed at an acute angle or a right angle with respect to the first substrate.

Abstract: A first arithmetic circuit computes a propagation velocity of an ultrasonic wave based on a first time difference between an output timing, at which an ultrasonic element outputs an ultrasonic wave, and a reference timing, at which a comparator circuit outputs a detection signal on reflection off a distal end of a reference pipe, and a length of the reference pipe. A period circuit sets a propagation path detection period to detect a liquid level timing, at which the comparator circuit outputs the detection signal on reflection off the liquid level, based on a longest and shortest propagation path lengths and the propagation velocity. A second arithmetic circuit computes the length of the propagation path based on a second time difference, which is between the liquid level timing and the output timing during the propagation path detection period, and the propagation velocity.

Abstract: An ultrasonic element generates an ultrasonic wave and converts an input ultrasonic wave into an electric signal. A transmission circuit outputs a drive signal to the ultrasonic element. A comparator circuit outputs a first detection signal when the electric signal becomes larger than a threshold value and outputs a second detection signal when the electric signal becomes smaller than the threshold value. An arithmetic circuit computes a distance of a propagation path of the ultrasonic wave based on a time difference between an output timing, at which the ultrasonic element outputs of the ultrasonic wave, and a liquid level timing, at which the comparator circuit outputs the first detection signal, and based on a propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave. A storage unit stores a time difference between the first detection signal and the second detection signal. The transmission circuit increases the drive signal, as the time difference decreases.

Abstract: A copper alloy for fastening wherein the alloy has a structure of a mixture of ?-phase and a ?-phase; and wherein the alloy has a composition represented by the general formula: Cubal.ZnaMnb, where bal., a, and b are expressed in % by mass, bal. represents the balance, 34?a?40.5, 0.1?b?6, and inevitable impurities may be contained; and the composition satisfying the equation (1): b?(?8a+300)/7, where 34?a<37.5 and equation (2): b?(?5.5a+225.25)/5, where 35.5?a?40.5.

Abstract: A liquid level detector has an ultrasonic sensor connected thereto by two signal lines. When a drive signal is output from a drive circuit, the drive signal is output via an impedance matching circuit, thereby transmission and reception signals on the signal lines flow as complementary level signals. A receiver circuit obtains an amplified signal by amplifying the transmission and reception signals with a differential amplifier circuit, and by cutting a same phase noise signal.

Abstract: An improved season cracking resistance of a metallic fastener member is provided and includes a copper alloy containing zinc as a base material. The metallic fastener member includes, as a base material, a copper alloy containing zinc, and the metallic fastener member has a surface to which a rust prevention treatment has been applied and has such a property that, when analyzed by a scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus, a maximum value of an atomic concentration of Mn is detected at a depth of 100 nm or less from the surface.

Abstract: A metallic fastener member has a specific color of light gold and also has high strength, discoloration resistance and high workability to withstand practical use. A metallic fastener member including a base material of a copper alloy having composition containing 1 to 30% by mass of Zn and 1 to 11% by mass of Ni, the balance being Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the metallic fastener member has a Vickers hardness of Hv 120 or more and less than Hv 220.

Abstract: An improved season cracking resistance of a metallic fastener member is provided and includes a copper alloy containing zinc as a base material. The metallic fastener member includes, as a base material, a copper alloy containing zinc, and the metallic fastener member has a surface to which a rust prevention treatment has been applied and has such a property that, when analyzed by a scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus, a maximum value of an atomic concentration of Mn is detected at a depth of 100 nm or less from the surface.

Abstract: Provided is a metallic fastener member which has a specific color, i.e., a light gold color, and has all of practical strength, unsusceptibility to discoloration, and processability. The metallic fastener member comprises, as the base material, a copper alloy having a composition which contains 1-30 mass % Zn and 1-11 mass % Ni, with the remainder comprising Cu and unavoidable impurities, and has a Vickers hardness of 120 Hv or greater but less than 220 Hv.

Abstract: A geared motor includes a motor and a reduction drive. The reduction drive includes a gear housing, a speed reduction-output member, and a restriction portion. The gear housing includes a support shaft. The speed reduction-output member includes a reduction gear, an output gear meshed with an input member, and an accommodation recess. The speed reduction-output member is rotationally supported by the support shaft. The restriction portion is configured to restrict movement of the speed reduction-output member relative to the support shaft. The restriction portion is located between an outer circumferential surface of the support shaft and an inner circumferential surface of the accommodation recess. The restriction portion is located in an axial direction of the support shaft at a position that differs from a portion where the speed reduction-output member abuts in a radial direction against the input member.

Abstract: A geared motor includes a motor and a reduction drive. The reduction drive includes a gear housing, a speed reduction-output member, and a restriction portion. The gear housing includes a support shaft. The speed reduction-output member includes a reduction gear, an output gear meshed with an input member, and an accommodation recess. The speed reduction-output member is rotationally supported by the support shaft. The restriction portion is configured to restrict movement of the speed reduction-output member relative to the support shaft. The restriction portion is located between an outer circumferential surface of the support shaft and an inner circumferential surface of the accommodation recess. The restriction portion is located in an axial direction of the support shaft at a position that differs from a portion, where the speed reduction-output member abuts in a radial direction against the input member.

Abstract: A copper alloy for fastening wherein the alloy has a structure of a mixture of ?-phase and a ?-phase; and wherein the alloy has a composition represented by the general formula: Cubal.ZnaMnb, where bal., a, and b are expressed in % by mass, bal. represents the balance, 34?a?40.5, 0.1?b?6, and inevitable impurities may be contained; and the composition satisfying the equation (1): b?(?8a+300)/7, where 34?a<37.5 and equation (2): b?(?5.5a+225.25)/5, where 35.5?a?40.5.

Abstract: A copper-zinc alloy product of the invention contains zinc in an amount of higher than 35% by weight and 43% by weight or less and has a two-phase structure of an ?-phase and a ?-phase. Further, the ratio of the ?-phase in the copper-zinc alloy is controlled to be higher than 10% and less than 40% and the crystal grains of the ?-phase and the ?-phase are crushed into a flat shape and arranged in a layer shape through cold working. According to the copper-zinc alloy product, it is possible to decrease the copper content and to appropriately secure the strength and cold workability by appropriately controlling the ratio of the ?-phase.

Abstract: A copper-zinc alloy product of the invention contains zinc in an amount of higher than 35% by weight and 43% by weight or less and has a two-phase structure of an ?-phase and a ?-phase. Further, the ratio of the ?-phase in the copper-zinc alloy is controlled to be higher than 10% and less than 40% and the crystal grains of the ?-phase and the ?-phase are crushed into a flat shape and arranged in a layer shape through cold working. According to the copper-zinc alloy product, it is possible to decrease the copper content and to appropriately secure the strength and cold workability by appropriately controlling the ratio of the ?-phase.

Abstract: An electrode active material mainly includes an organic compound having, in a structural unit thereof, a conjugated diamine structure represented by the general formula (I), and an electrolyte includes a carbonate ester compound represented by the general formula (II). In the formulae, R1 to R4 represent substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or the like, whereas X1 to X4 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. A secondary battery is achieved which has a high energy density and thus produces a high output, and has favorable cycle characteristics with a small capacity degradation even in the case of repeating charge and discharge.