Abstract: A method for producing a new electrolyzer by arranging an electrode for electrolysis and a new membrane in an existing electrolyzer. The method includes a releasing process (A2) of releasing an integration of an anode frame and a cathode frame to expose a membrane, a removing process (B2) of removing the membrane after the releasing process (A2) and arranging the electrode for electrolysis and new membrane on the anode or cathode, and an integrating process (C2) of integrating the anode frame and the cathode frame to store the anode, the cathode, the membrane, the electrode for electrolysis, and the new membrane into the electrolytic cell frame.

Abstract: A method for producing a new electrolyzer by arranging an electrode for electrolysis in an existing electrolyzer. The method includes a releasing process (A1) of releasing an integration of an anode frame and a cathode frame to expose a membrane, an arranging process (B1) of arranging the electrode for electrolysis on at least one of surfaces of the membrane after the releasing process (A1), and an integrating process (C1) of integrating the anode frame and the cathode frame after the arranging process (B1) to store the anode, the cathode, the membrane, and the electrode for electrolysis into the electrolytic cell frame.

Abstract: A laminate includes an electrode for electrolysis and a membrane laminated on the electrode for electrolysis. The membrane has an asperity geometry on the surface thereof and a ratio a of a gap volume between the electrode for electrolysis and the membrane with respect to a unit area of the membrane is more than 0.8 ?m and 200 ?m or less.

Abstract: A jig for laminate production for producing a laminate of an electrode for electrolysis and a membrane, the jig containing: a roll for electrode around which an elongate electrode for electrolysis is wound, and a roll for membrane around which an elongate membrane is wound.

Abstract: A method for producing a new electrolyzer by incorporating a laminate having an electrode for electrolysis and a new membrane, or only a new membrane, into an existing electrolyzer having an anode, a cathode that is opposed to the anode, and a membrane arranged between the anode and the cathode, wherein the new membrane used satisfies an As/Ai of more than 0.87 and less than 1.1, wherein, with respect to an area of the new membrane corresponding to an area in frames of an anode side gasket and a cathode side gasket that are formed from frames opposite to each other in an electrolyzer, Ai represents an area equalized by an equilibrium liquid in incorporation into an electrolyzer and As represents an area equalized by an aqueous solution after electrolyzer operation.

Abstract: A laminate having: an electrode for electrolysis, and a membrane laminated on the electrode for electrolysis, wherein when the laminate is wetted with a 3 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution, and under a storage condition at ordinary temperature, an amount of a transition metal component (with the proviso that zirconium is excluded), detected from the membrane after storage for 96 hours, is 100 cps or less; and A protective laminate having: a first electrode for electrolysis, a second electrode for electrolysis, a membrane disposed between the first electrode for electrolysis and the second electrode for electrolysis, and an insulation sheet that protects at least one of the surface of the first electrode for electrolysis and the surface of the second electrode for electrolysis.

Abstract: An ion exchange membrane includes a layer S including a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group, a layer C including a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group, and a plurality of strengthening materials arranged inside the layer S and functioning as at least one of reinforcement yarn and sacrifice yarn. A and B satisfy following formulas: B?240 ?m??(1) 2.0?B/A?5.0??(2) wherein, when the ion exchange membrane is viewed from the top surface, A represents an average cross-sectional thickness of the membrane measured in pure water for a region, in which the strengthening materials do not exist, and B represents an average cross-sectional thickness of the membrane measured in pure water for a region, in which strands of the reinforcement yarn overlap with each other, and in a region, in which the reinforcement yarn overlaps with the sacrifice yarn.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] A cation exchange membrane that has sufficient mechanical strength and at the same time has high impurity resistance, suffers little cathode surface damage, and exhibits stable electrolytic characteristics is provided. [Solution] A cation exchange membrane comprising: a membrane body comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having an ion exchange group; and a reinforcement core material arranged inside the membrane body, wherein raised portions having a height of 20 ?m or more in cross-sectional view are formed on at least one surface of the membrane body, an arrangement density of the raised portions on the surface of the membrane body is 20 to 1500/cm2, a plurality of opening portions are formed on the surface of the membrane body, and a proportion of a total area of the opening portions to an area of the surface of the membrane body (opening area ratio) is in a range of 0.4 to 15%.

Abstract: [Problem to be solved] Provided is an ion exchange membrane having both excellent electrolytic characteristics and excellent gas zone damage resistance. [Solution] An ion exchange membrane comprising: a layer A comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group; and a layer B comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group, wherein the layer B has a thickness of 5 to 30 ?m, and the layer B has an ion cluster diameter of 1.8 to 2.48 ?m.

Abstract: A vacuum drying apparatus includes a chamber, a steam supply line, an evacuation line, a circulation line, and a pressurizing and heating unit. The chamber includes an inlet, an outlet, and a treatment space capable of accommodating food. The steam supply line is connected to the inlet and is configured to be capable of supplying steam into the treatment space. The evacuation line is connected to the outlet and is configured to be capable of evacuating the treatment space. The circulation line is provided outside the chamber and causes steam to circulate from the outlet to the inlet. The pressurizing and heating unit is provided in the circulation line.

Abstract: The ion exchange membrane according to the present invention comprises a layer A comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group and a layer B comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group, wherein the layer B has a value of an ion cluster diameter distribution M represented by the following formula (B) of greater than 10: M=(a0)2/(?)2??(B) wherein M represents an ion cluster diameter distribution, a0 represents an average ion cluster radius, and ? represents a standard deviation of an ion cluster radius.

Abstract: A vacuum drying apparatus includes a chamber, a steam supply line, an evacuation line, a circulation line, and a pressurizing and heating unit. The chamber includes an inlet, an outlet, and a treatment space capable of accommodating food. The steam supply line is connected to the inlet and is configured to be capable of supplying steam into the treatment space. The evacuation line is connected to the outlet and is configured to be capable of evacuating the treatment space. The circulation line is provided outside the chamber and causes steam to circulate from the outlet to the inlet. The pressurizing and heating unit is provided in the circulation line.

Abstract: The ion exchange membrane according to the present invention comprises a layer A comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group and a layer B comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group, wherein a ratio of an ion cluster diameter of the layer B after electrolysis under the following electrolysis conditions to the ion cluster diameter of the layer B before the electrolysis [(the ion cluster diameter of the layer B after the electrolysis)/(the ion cluster diameter of the layer B before the electrolysis)] is 0.83 to 0.95: (Electrolysis Conditions) in a zero-gap base electrolytic cell where the ion exchange membrane is disposed between an anode chamber to which a 3.5 N aqueous sodium chloride solution is supplied and a cathode chamber to which a 10.8 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is supplied, electrolysis is performed for 7 days under conditions having a temperature of 85° C. and a current density of 6 kA/m2.

Abstract: An ion exchange membrane includes a layer S including a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group, a layer C including a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group, and a plurality of strengthening materials arranged inside the layer S and functioning as at least one of reinforcement yarn and sacrifice yarn. A and B satisfy following formulas: B?240 ?m??(1) 2.0?B/A?5.0??(2) wherein, when the ion exchange membrane is viewed from the top surface, A represents an average cross-sectional thickness of the membrane measured in pure water for a region, in which the strengthening materials do not exist, and B represents an average cross-sectional thickness of the membrane measured in pure water for a region, in which strands of the reinforcement yarn overlap with each other, and in a region, in which the reinforcement yarn overlaps with the sacrifice yarn.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] A cation exchange membrane that has sufficient mechanical strength and at the same time has high impurity resistance, suffers little cathode surface damage, and exhibits stable electrolytic characteristics is provided. [Solution] A cation exchange membrane comprising: a membrane body comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having an ion exchange group; and a reinforcement core material arranged inside the membrane body, wherein raised portions having a height of 20 ?m or more in cross-sectional view are formed on at least one surface of the membrane body, an arrangement density of the raised portions on the surface of the membrane body is 20 to 1500/cm2, a plurality of opening portions are formed on the surface of the membrane body, and a proportion of a total area of the opening portions to an area of the surface of the membrane body (opening area ratio) is in a range of 0.4 to 15%.

Abstract: The ion exchange membrane according to the present invention comprises a layer A comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group and a layer B comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group, wherein the layer B has a value of an ion cluster diameter distribution M represented by the following formula (B) of greater than 10: M=(a0)2/(?)2 ??(B) wherein M represents an ion cluster diameter distribution, a0 represents an average ion cluster radius, and ? represents a standard deviation of an ion cluster radius.

Abstract: The ion exchange membrane according to the present invention comprises a layer A comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a sulfonic acid group and a layer B comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having a carboxylic acid group, wherein a ratio of an ion cluster diameter of the layer B after electrolysis under the following electrolysis conditions to the ion cluster diameter of the layer B before the electrolysis [(the ion cluster diameter of the layer B after the electrolysis)/(the ion cluster diameter of the layer B before the electrolysis)] is 0.83 to 0.95: (Electrolysis Conditions) in a zero-gap base electrolytic cell where the ion exchange membrane is disposed between an anode chamber to which a 3.5 N aqueous sodium chloride solution is supplied and a cathode chamber to which a 10.8 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is supplied, electrolysis is performed for 7 days under conditions having a temperature of 85° C. and a current density of 6 kA/m2.

Abstract: An anodizing method of the present invention is characterized in that in a state in which an outer peripheral surface of an aluminum pipe 2 for a photoconductor drum substrate is in contact with an electrolysis solution, a high-frequency voltage of 5 kHz or higher is applied to the electrolysis solution to conduct electrolysis to thereby form an anodic oxide film on the outer peripheral surface of the aluminum pipe 2. With this method, an anodic oxide film can be formed on the surface of the pipe, and an aluminum pipe free from burr-shaped convex defects can be produced. Furthermore, the anodizing for forming an anodic oxide film can be carried out at a higher rate, and an anodic oxide film with less electrolyte elution can be formed.

Abstract: By supporting distribution related to an overall business dealing among customers CMR, plural distributors including dealers SHP, and suppliers SPR with use of a computer system CS through communication network, the merchandise supplier side including the distributors SHP or WS and suppliers SPR can simplify its own merchandise distribution process and save labor required for tasks due for the merchandise distribution process, while the customer CMR side can simplify the ordering management, ordering operations and the like.