Abstract: Viral infections in a target region can be inhibited by imposing an alternating electric field in the target region for a duration of time. The alternating electric field has a frequency and a field strength such that when the alternating electric field is imposed in the target region for the duration of time, the alternating electric field inhibits infection of the cells in the target region by the virus. Optionally, the inhibition of viral infections using the alternating electric field approach can be combined with delivering an antiviral agent to the target region so that a therapeutically effective dose of the antiviral agent is present in the target region while the alternating electric fields are imposed.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method to determine placement of transducers on a subject's body for applying tumor treating fields, the method including: determining a pair of locations on the subject's body for placement of a pair of transducer arrays based on image data; receiving a detected concentration of a target molecule within a target region of the subject's body from a molecular imaging apparatus, the concentration of the target molecule being detected after tumor treating fields are induced between the pair of transducer arrays; determining, based on the detected concentration of the target molecule, how the tumor treating fields were distributed in the target region; determining a recommendation of a second pair of locations on the subject's body for placement of the pair of transducer arrays based on the distribution of the tumor treating fields in the target region; and outputting the recommendation of the second pair of locations to a user.

Abstract: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered by implanting a plurality of sets of implantable electrode elements within a person's body. Temperature sensors positioned to measure the temperature at the electrode elements are also implanted, along with a circuit that collects temperature measurements from the temperature sensors. In some embodiments, an AC voltage generator configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements is also implanted within the person's body.

Abstract: Viral infections in a target region can be inhibited by imposing an alternating electric field in the target region for a duration of time. The alternating electric field has a frequency and a field strength such that when the alternating electric field is imposed in the target region for the duration of time, the alternating electric field inhibits infection of the cells in the target region by the virus. Optionally, the inhibition of viral infections using the alternating electric field approach can be combined with delivering an antiviral agent to the target region so that a therapeutically effective dose of the antiviral agent is present in the target region while the alternating electric fields are imposed.

Abstract: Certain drugs and other molecules cannot ordinarily traverse the blood brain barrier (BBB). However, when alternating electric fields at certain first frequencies (e.g., 100 kHz) are applied to the brain, the BBB becomes permeable to those molecules. Moreover, certain drugs and other molecules cannot ordinarily traverse cell membranes. However, when alternating electric fields at certain second frequencies are applied to the cells (e.g., 150 kHz for uterine sarcoma cells), the cell membranes become permeable to those molecules. To get a certain drug past both the BBB and the relevant cell membranes, the permeability of both of those barriers can be overcome by sequentially (or simultaneously) applying alternating electric fields at both the first frequency and the second frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of delivering a therapeutic to a target site of a subject comprising administering a lipid capsule to a target site of a subject, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field, at a frequency for a period of time, to the target site of the subject, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic from lipid capsule at the target site of the subject. Disclosed are methods of increasing target site specific release of a therapeutic agent in a subject comprising administering a lipid capsule to a target site of a subject, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field, at a frequency for a period of time, to the target site of the subject, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic agent from the lipid capsule at the target site of the subject, thereby increasing the target site specific release of the therapeutic agent.

Abstract: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered by implanting a plurality of sets of implantable electrode elements within a person's body. Temperature sensors positioned to measure the temperature at the electrode elements are also implanted, along with a circuit that collects temperature measurements from the temperature sensors. In some embodiments, an AC voltage generator configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements is also implanted within the person's body.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of increasing sensitivity of a cancer cell to alternating electric fields comprising exposing the cancer cell to an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, and exposing the cancer cell to an IGFR1 inhibitor, JNK inhibitor, RPS6 inhibitor or ERK inhibitor. Disclosed are methods of increasing treatment efficacy comprising applying an alternating electric field to a target site of the subject for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, wherein the target site comprises one or more cancer cells, and administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of an IGF1R inhibitor, JNK inhibitor, RPS6 inhibitor, and/or ERK inhibitor to the subject.

Abstract: Certain substances (e.g., large molecules) that ordinarily cannot traverse the cell membrane of cells can be introduced into cells by applying an alternating electric field to the cell for a period of time, wherein the frequency of the alternating electric field is selected so that application of the alternating electric field increases permeability of the cell membrane. Once the permeability of the cell membrane has been increased, the substance is able to cross the cell membrane. This approach is particularly useful in the context of cancer cells (e.g., glioblastoma).

Abstract: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) can be delivered by implanting a plurality of sets of implantable electrode elements within a person's body. Temperature sensors positioned to measure the temperature at the electrode elements are also implanted, along with a circuit that collects temperature measurements from the temperature sensors. In some embodiments, an AC voltage generator configured to apply an AC voltage across the plurality of sets of electrode elements is also implanted within the person's body.

Abstract: Methods of treating a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject are provided by applying alternating electric fields to the brain of the subject, optionally also administering a drug for treatment of the neurodegenerative disorder (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia) to the subject. In some instances, the neurodegenerative disorder can be treated by applying alternating electric fields to a brain of the human subject wherein the brain is tumor-free.

Abstract: Methods of treating diseases and infections by applying alternating electric fields to tissues followed by administering a treatment for the disease or infection are provided. In some instances, alternating electric fields can be applied at least until substantial improvement in disease manifestation. The exemplary methods can be used to treat kidney, heart, brain, and bone disease and conditions.

Abstract: Certain substances (e.g., large molecules) that ordinarily cannot traverse the blood brain barrier can be introduced into the brain by applying an alternating electric field to the brain for a period of time, wherein the frequency of the alternating electric field is selected so that application of the alternating electric field increases permeability of the blood brain barrier. In some embodiments, the frequency of the alternating electric field is less than 190 kHz (e.g., 100 kHz). Once the permeability of the blood brain barrier has been increased, the substance is able to cross the blood brain barrier.

Abstract: Certain substances (e.g., large molecules) that ordinarily cannot traverse the blood brain barrier can be introduced into the brain by applying an alternating electric field to the brain for a period of time, wherein the frequency of the alternating electric field is selected so that application of the alternating electric field increases permeability of the blood brain barrier. In some embodiments, the frequency of the alternating electric field is less than 190 kHz (e.g., 100 kHz). Once the permeability of the blood brain barrier has been increased, the substance is able to cross the blood brain barrier.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions for methods of transporting of a vector, therapeutic, detectable, or combination thereof across a cell membrane of a cell. Also disclosed are methods of detecting and/or treating a tumor or cancer cell using a vector, therapeutic, detectable, or combination thereof either alone or in combination with applying alternating electric fields.

Abstract: Certain substances (e.g., large molecules) that ordinarily cannot traverse the blood brain barrier can be introduced into the brain by applying an alternating electric field to the brain for a period of time, wherein the frequency of the alternating electric field is selected so that application of the alternating electric field increases permeability of the blood brain barrier. In some embodiments, the frequency of the alternating electric field is less than 190 kHz (e.g., 100 kHz). Once the permeability of the blood brain barrier has been increased, the substance is able to cross the blood brain barrier.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for increasing sensitivity of a cancer cell to alternating electric fields by administering an AKT inhibitor, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, and/or a Glycogen synthase kinase 3? (GSK3?) inhibitor. Disclosed are methods of increasing treatment efficacy comprising applying alternating electric fields to a target site of the subject for a period of time, the alternating electric fields having a frequency and field strength, wherein the target site comprises one or more cancer cells, and administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of an mTOR inhibitor, AKT inhibitor, PI3K inhibitor, or GSK3? inhibitor to the subject.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of inhibiting a coronavirus from infecting or replicating in a cell comprising exposing the cell to an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, wherein the frequency and field strength of the alternating electric field inhibits coronavirus infection or replication. Disclosed are methods of reducing coronavirus copy number per cell comprising exposing the cell to an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, wherein the frequency and field strength of the alternating electric field reduces coronavirus copy number in the cell. Disclosed are methods of treating a subject infected with coronavirus comprising applying an alternating electric field to a target site of the subject for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, wherein the target site comprises one or more coronavirus infected cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of increasing proliferation of CD8+ T cells comprising exposing a target site to an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, wherein the frequency and field strength of the alternating electric field increases proliferation of CD8+ T cells at the target site. Disclosed are methods of generating a pro-inflammatory response in a target site comprising exposing the target site to an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, wherein the frequency and field strength of the alternating electric field generates a pro-inflammatory response at the target site.

Abstract: Autoinflammatory and mitochondrial disorders can be treated by positioning a plurality of electrodes in or on a subject's body, and applying an AC voltage between the plurality of electrodes so as to impose an alternating electric field through the tissue that is being affected by the autoinflammatory or mitochondrial disease. The frequency and field strength of the alternating electric field are selected such that the alternating electric field inhibits inflammation or mitochondrial disorders in the tissue.