Abstract: A method of managing electric power supply and demand with a computer includes sending, from the computer, a message for making a request of an electrified vehicle with a driver and a passenger to participate in a demand response for adjusting supply or demand of electric power in a power grid, acquiring, by the computer, passenger information on at least one of an attribute and a preference of the passenger, and setting, by the computer, a first incentive for prompting the passenger to participate in the demand response based on the passenger information.

Abstract: A heat exchanger has a core case, at least one fin case disposed in the core case, and pair of upper and lower fins disposed in the fin case. The fin case has an inlet part, an outlet part, and a middle part disposed between the inlet and outlet parts. Each of the upper and lower fins has top and bottom portions. The upper and lower fins are disposed within the fin case so that the upper and lower fins are not in contact with each other at the inlet and outlet parts of the fin case and so that the bottom portions of the upper fin are in contact with respective ones of the top portions of the lower fin at the middle part of the fin case.

Abstract: An exhaust heat recovery apparatus includes a joining section extending from a downstream end portion of a second flow passage section to a first flow passage section. The joining section has a communication port formed proximate a valve shaft for directing an exhaust gas from the second flow passage section into a housing section. A valve includes a first valve body supported by the valve shaft for closing a downstream end portion of the first flow passage section, and a second valve body extending from the first valve body for closing the communication port. The first valve body and the second valve body are disposed circumferentially of the valve shaft. The second valve body has an arc-shape having a center provided by the valve shaft.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes fin cases each housing a pair of upper and lower fins. Each of the upper and lower fins has top and bottom portions. The upper and lower fins are oriented differently from each other such that first centerlines of the bottom portions of the upper fin intersect second centerlines of the top portions of the lower fin. The upper and lower fins are in contact with each other at locations where the first centerlines intersect the second centerlines. At these locations, the upper and lower fins support each other to strengthen the fin case such that the fin case bears loads applied to the fin case in a direction towards an inside of the fin case. The upper and lower fins have larger heat transfer area at locations where the fins are not in contact with each other.