Abstract: Methods and systems provide a memory cell and a memory cell system for data serialization. In an embodiment, a half-rate serialization procedure uses a half-rate differential clock to output full-rate serial data. In an embodiment, the memory cell system includes two memory cells each receiving a respective data stream. Each memory cell may be controlled by a respective clock, the clocks being substantially mutually exclusive such that the output of each memory cell becomes alternately tri-stated. Based on the principle of a transistor tri-state or hold mode, if clocks of two memory cells are substantially mutually exclusive, then a tri-stated node can be driven by either of the memory cells in a substantially mutually exclusive manner, effectively multiplexing input parallel data to output serial data. The memory cell system may include a combination of different types of memory cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of authentication for a provider comprising requesting a verification system for authentication of a transaction initiated by a user by transmitting to the verification system details of the transaction initiated; requesting the user to authenticate the transaction on a mobile device by transmitting to the user mobile device details of the transaction; validating the authentication request received from the verification system on the mobile device and prompting the user to enter a personal identification number, displaying to the user transaction details on receiving a valid personal identification number and requesting user to authenticate transaction; generating on receiving user authentication an authentication parameter for transmission to the verification system; and authenticating the transaction to the provider on receiving a valid authentication parameter from user mobile device.