Abstract: The present invention provides a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst that is used in reduction reactions of carbon dioxide and that has high methanol selectivity. A carbon dioxide reduction catalyst according to the present invention is used in producing methanol by reduction reactions of carbon dioxide, and contains Au and Cu as catalyst components and ZnO as a carrier. It is preferable that the catalyst components contain 7-25 mol % of Au as a catalyst component. This makes it possible to obtain high methanol selectivity—for example, selectivity of not less than 80%. The carbon dioxide reduction catalyst makes it possible to obtain high methanol selectivity even under the conditions of not more than 240° C. and not more than 50 bar.

Abstract: A gold cluster catalyst is capable of promoting/controlling a chemical reaction with high catalytic activity and selectivity. The gold cluster catalyst has a carrier supporting clusters, each of which is an aggregate of a plurality of gold atoms, which can be obtained by providing the carrier supporting a plurality of gold cluster compounds and then processing the gold cluster compounds on the carrier, in which each of the gold cluster compounds is stabilized by an organic ligand and including a predetermined number of gold atoms. In the gold cluster catalyst, each of the clusters may have a particle diameter of 10 nm or less and be formed substantially only of gold atoms.

Abstract: A method for producing a multisubstituted biphenyl compound is represented by the following formula (2), including a step of coupling a substituted benzene compound represented by the following formula (1) in the presence of a solid catalyst with gold immobilized onto a support.

Abstract: A method for producing a multisubstituted biphenyl compound is represented by the following formula (2), including a step of coupling a substituted benzene compound represented by the following formula (1) in the presence of a solid catalyst with gold immobilized onto a support.

Abstract: A gold cluster catalyst is capable of promoting/controlling a chemical reaction with high catalytic activity and selectivity. The gold cluster catalyst has a carrier supporting clusters, each of which is an aggregate of a plurality of gold atoms, which can be obtained by providing the carrier supporting a plurality of gold cluster compounds and then processing the gold cluster compounds on the carrier, in which each of the gold cluster compounds is stabilized by an organic ligand and including a predetermined number of gold atoms. In the gold cluster catalyst, each of the clusters may have a particle diameter of 10 nm or less and be formed substantially only of gold atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides: an acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer (or its salt) which is excellent in performances, such as Mg2+ scavengeability, clay dispersibility in the presence of Mg2+, inhibitability upon Mg(OH)2 scale, and inhibitability upon CaCO3 scale; and a production process for such a copolymer (or its salt). The present invention further provides a production process for an aqueous maleic salt solution with a low impurity content which has the advantage of easily giving the above copolymer (or its salt). The present invention still further provides uses of the above copolymer (or its salt) having the above excellent properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides: an acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer (or its salt) which is excellent in performances, such as Mg2+ scavengeability, clay dispersibility in the presence of Mg2+, inhibitability upon Mg(OH)2 scale, and inhibitability upon CaCO3 scale; and a production process for such a copolymer (or its salt). The present invention further provides a production process for an aqueous maleic salt solution with a low impurity content which has the advantage of easily giving the above copolymer (or its salt). The present invention still further provides uses of the above copolymer (or its salt) having the above excellent properties.

Abstract: A (meth)acrylic acid polymer is obtained by conducting a polymerization reaction using 60 mol % or more of a hydrophilic monomer containing (meth)acrylic acid and a combination of at least one kind of persulfate salts and at least one kind of bisulfite salts as an initiator series under conditions that a pH is smaller than 5 and a degree of neutralization is smaller than 40 mol %, in such a manner that a solid concentration when the polymerization reaction ends is 40% or higher. The resulting polymer has a weight average molecular weight ranging from 3,000 to 15,000, a sulfonic acid group at an end terminal, and an anti-gelling ability Q-value smaller than 2.0, where the anti-gelling ability Q-value is defined as: Q = degree of gelling × 10 5 weight average molecular weigh ⁢ t .