Abstract: An alignment method includes, for a source sentence in a source language, identifying whether the sentence includes at least one candidate term comprising a contiguous subsequence of words of the source sentence. A target sentence in a target language is aligned with the source sentence. This includes developing a probabilistic model which models conditional probability distributions for alignments between words of the source sentence and words of the target sentence and generating an optimal alignment based on the probabilistic model, including, where the source sentence includes the at least one candidate term, enforcing a contiguity constraint which requires that all the words of the target sentence which are aligned with an identified candidate term form a contiguous subsequence of the target sentence.

Abstract: A translation system and method for translating source text from a first language to target text in a second language are disclosed. A library of bi-phrases is accessed to retrieve bi-phrases which each match a part of the source text. Each of the bi-phrases includes respective text fragments from the first and second language. Words of some (or all) of the bi-phrases are tagged with restricted part of speech (RPOS) tags. At least one of the RPOS tags is configured for identifying a word from the second language as being one which also forms a part of a closed compound word in the library. At least one target hypothesis is generated from the bi-phrases, which includes text fragments in the second language. The target hypothesis or hypotheses are evaluated, based at least in part on combinations of the restricted part of speech tags. Based on the evaluation, one of the at least one target hypothesis is output as the optimal hypothesis for forming the translation.

Abstract: A translation system and method for translating source text from a first language to target text in a second language are disclosed. A library of bi-phrases is accessed to retrieve bi-phrases which each match a part of the source text. Each of the bi-phrases includes respective text fragments from the first and second language. Words of some (or all) of the bi-phrases are tagged with restricted part of speech (RPOS) tags. At least one of the RPOS tags is configured for identifying a word from the second language as being one which also forms a part of a closed compound word in the library. At least one target hypothesis is generated from the bi-phrases, which includes text fragments in the second language. The target hypothesis or hypotheses are evaluated, based at least in part on combinations of the restricted part of speech tags. Based on the evaluation, one of the at least one target hypothesis is output as the optimal hypothesis for forming the translation.

Abstract: An alignment method includes, for a source sentence in a source language, identifying whether the sentence includes at least one candidate term comprising a contiguous subsequence of words of the source sentence. A target sentence in a target language is aligned with the source sentence. This includes developing a probabilistic model which models conditional probability distributions for alignments between words of the source sentence and words of the target sentence and generating an optimal alignment based on the probabilistic model, including, where the source sentence includes the at least one candidate term, enforcing a contiguity constraint which requires that all the words of the target sentence which are aligned with an identified candidate term form a contiguous subsequence of the target sentence.

Abstract: In a system, in which there is provided a cleartext blacklist (that defines a set of strings identifying keywords of unsolicited messages), a filler grammar (that identifies characters or symbols for distorting elements of strings in the cleartext blacklist with filler space), and a transcription grammar (that identifies characters or symbols for distorting elements of strings in the cleartext blacklist with similes), the following are produced: an anti-spam grammar (by merging the filler-grammar and the transcription-grammar), an abstract-text blacklist (by applying the anti-spam grammar to the cleartext blacklist), and an anti-spam automaton (using the cleartext blacklist and the abstract-text blacklist). The anti-spam automaton may be adapted to recognize an input string in the cleartext blacklist from its disguised form in the abstract-text blacklist.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel polynucleotides that include promoter elements. The present invention also provides methods and kits for identification of compounds that alter transcription, preferably decrease transcription, of a polynucleotide. Also provided by the present invention are methods directed to producing RNA polynucleotides and polypeptides.

Abstract: The invention relates to new expression vectors. More particularly, the invention relates to expression vectors carrying a new type of promoters for the expression of the foreign gene, which was constructed from promoter P.sub.2 of E. coli ribosomal RNA operon and some regulatory sequences of E. coli las operon. The invention further relates to a method for the construction of the above vectors. The method is characterized by deleting most part of the structurgenes of E. coli ribosomal RNA operon (rrn operon) built in a suitable vector, joining together the part of operon rrn comprising promoter P.sub.2 with the beginning part of the lac operon outside the regions -35 and -10, downstream of them so as to create a new NsiI cleavage site at the joining point of the sequences originating from rrn and lac operons, deleting the inner TGCA sequence-element of the newly created NsiI cleavage site and building the structurgene to be expressed between these newly created regulatory sequences.