Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element is provided. The photoelectric conversion element comprises a substrate, a first electrode, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode. The electron transport layer comprises a photosensitizing compound. The hole transport layer comprises a basic compound A and an ionic compound B. The basic compound A is represented by the following formula (1): where each of R1 and R2 independently represents an alkyl group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or R1 and R2 share bond connectivity to form a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring; and the ionic compound B is represented by the following formula (2): where X+ represents a counter cation.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element including a first electrode, an electron transport layer on the first electrode, a charge transfer layer, and a second electrode is provided. The electron transport layer includes an electron transport compound, and the electron transport compound carries a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (2): where each of X1 and X2 independently represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom, or selenium atom; R1 represents methine group; R2 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group; each of R3 independently represents an acidic group; m represents an integer of 1 or 2; and each of Z1 and Z2 independently represents a group forming a cyclic structure; R5—R4—COOH??Formula (2) where R4 represents an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; and R5 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an alkylthio group, or an aryl ether group.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic display device, including: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes: and an electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other, wherein the electrochromic display device includes an yttrium-containing metal oxide layer between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (I), where Ar1 is a pyridinium ring having a structure represented by the following general formula (IIa), (IIb), or (IIc), where Ar2 is a monovalent heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent, but Ar2 is not a pyridinium ring; R1 to R8 are each independently a monovalent group which may have a functional group, where the monovalent group may have a substituent; A is a monovalent group which may have a functional group, where the monovalent group may have a substituent; and B? is a monovalent anion.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic display device, including: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes: and an electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other, wherein the electrochromic display device includes an yttrium-containing metal oxide layer between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic device including: a support; a first electrode formed on the support; a second electrode facing the first electrode, where through-holes are formed in the second electrode; an electrochromic layer disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrolyte layer disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a second electrolyte layer disposed to communicate with the first electrolyte layer through the through-holes; an inorganic protective layer, which is disposed on a surface of the second electrolyte layer not facing the second electrode, and is configured to shield oxygen and water vapor; and an organic protective layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic protective layer that does not face the second electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A tertiary amine compound is provided. The tertiary amine compound is represented by the following general formula (1): where each of Ar1 and Ar2 independently represents a benzene ring having an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, an unsubstituted benzene ring, a naphthalene ring having an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, or an unsubstituted naphthalene ring.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic display element, which contains: a display substrate; a display electrode; an electrochromic layer provided in contact with the display electrode; a counter substrate provided to face the display substrate; a counter electrode; a charge retention layer provided in contact with the counter electrode; and an electrolyte layer filling between the display substrate and the counter substrate, wherein the electrochromic layer contains titanium oxide particles, and metal hydroxide is dispersed on surfaces and in inner parts of the titanium oxide particles.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic element, which contains: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode contains a polymer product obtained through polymerization of an electrochromic composition where the electrochromic composition contains a radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (I), where Ar1 is a pyridinium ring having a structure represented by the following general formula (IIa), (IIb), or (IIc), where Ar2 is a monovalent heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent, but Ar2 is not a pyridinium ring; R1 to R8 are each independently a monovalent group which may have a functional group, where the monovalent group may have a substituent; A is a monovalent group which may have a functional group, where the monovalent group may have a substituent; and B? is a monovalent anion.

Abstract: An electrochromic element is provided. The electrochromic element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a first layer overlying the first electrode, and a second layer overlying the second electrode. The first layer contains an oxidizable color-developing electrochromic compound. The second layer contains a compound having the following formula (1): wherein each of R1 to R5 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group, and at least one of R1 to R5 has a functional group directly or indirectly bindable to hydroxyl group.

Abstract: Provided is an electrochromic display device, including: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes: and an electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other, wherein the electrochromic display device includes an yttrium-containing metal oxide layer between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element, including: an electron transporting material; and a porphyrin compound represented by General Formula (1) or (2), wherein the electron transporting material is coated with the porphyrin compound: where R1 and R2 each independently denote an aromatic hydrocarbon group which has 6-20 carbon atoms and may have an alkyl or alkoxy group as substituent, R1 and R2 may be bonded to form ring structure A1, X denotes a monovalent group expressed by Structural Formula (I), (II) or (III), and Y denotes a phenyl group which may have an alkyl or alkoxy group as a substituent, where R denotes an aromatic hydrocarbon group which has 6-20 carbon atoms and may have an alkyl or alkoxy group as substituent, X denotes a monovalent group expressed by Structural Formula (I), (II) or (III), and Y denotes a phenyl group which may have an alkyl or alkoxy group as substituent,

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric conversion element including: a first electrode; a hole blocking layer; an electron transport layer; a hole transport layer; and a second electrode, wherein the hole blocking layer includes a metal oxide including a titanium atom and a niobium atom.

Abstract: Provided is a photoelectric conversion element including a first electrode, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, a first hole transport layer, and a second electrode, wherein the first hole transport layer includes at least one of basic compounds represented by general formula (1a) and general formula (1b) below: where in the formula (1a) or (1b), R1 and R2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or aromatic hydrocarbon group and may be identical or different, and R1 and R2 may bind with each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic device including: a support; a first electrode formed on the support; a second electrode facing the first electrode, where through-holes are formed in the second electrode; an electrochromic layer disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrolyte layer disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a second electrolyte layer disposed to communicate with the first electrolyte layer through the through-holes; an inorganic protective layer, which is disposed on a surface of the second electrolyte layer not facing the second electrode, and is configured to shield oxygen and water vapor; and an organic protective layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic protective layer that does not face the second electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar cell, which contains: a transparent electroconductive film substrate; a first electrode provided with a layer of an electron-transporting compound, which is composed of nano particles each coated with a sensitizing dye; a charge transfer layer; a hole transport layer; and a second electrode, wherein the first electrode, the charge transfer layer, the hole transport layer, and the second electrode are provided in this order on the transparent electroconductive film substrate, and wherein the charge transfer layer contains a metal complex salt, and the hole transport layer contains a polymer.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element is provided. The photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is covered with an electron transport layer. The electron transport layer is covered with a material represented by the following formula (1): wherein R represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, each of X1 and X2 independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, each of Y1 and Y2 independently represents an acidic group or hydrogen atom but at least one of Y1 and Y2 represents an acidic group, and n represents an integer of from 1 to 3. The second electrode is facing the electron transport layer.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element is provided. The photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is covered with an electron transport layer. The electron transport layer is covered with a material represented by the following formula (1): wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, each of X1 and X2 independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbon group, n represents an integer of from 1 to 3, and Ar may share bond connectivity with X1 or X2 to form a ring. The second electrode is facing the electron transport layer.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element, including: an electron transporting material; and a porphyrin compound represented by General Formula (1) or (2), wherein the electron transporting material is coated with the porphyrin compound: where R1 and R2 each independently denote an aromatic hydrocarbon group which has 6-20 carbon atoms and may have an alkyl or alkoxy group as substituent, R1 and R2 may be bonded to form ring structure A1, X denotes a monovalent group expressed by Structural Formula (I), (II) or (III), and Y denotes a phenyl group which may have an alkyl or alkoxy group as a substituent, where R denotes an aromatic hydrocarbon group which has 6-20 carbon atoms and may have an alkyl or alkoxy group as substituent, X denotes a monovalent group expressed by Structural Formula (I), (II) or (III), and Y denotes a phenyl group which may have an alkyl or alkoxy group as substituent,