Abstract: A video signal recording apparatus using an information recording medium, having: a unit for identifying and detecting a WO type information recording medium and a rewritable type information recording medium; a control unit for each of the WO type information recording medium and the rewritable type information recording medium; and a display apparatus for displaying a detection result of the detecting unit. In the video signal recording apparatus using the information recording medium, file management information to form a directory is recorded as intermediate information onto the information recording medium.

Abstract: A video signal recording apparatus using an information recording medium, having: a unit for identifying and detecting a WO type information recording medium and a rewritable type information recording medium; a control unit for each of the WO type information recording medium and the rewritable type information recording medium; and a display apparatus for displaying a detection result of the detecting unit. In the video signal recording apparatus using the information recording medium, file management information to form a directory is recorded as intermediate information onto the information recording medium.

Abstract: A video signal recording apparatus using an information recording medium, having: a unit for identifying and detecting a WO type information recording medium and a rewritable type information recording medium; a control unit for each of the WO type information recording medium and the rewritable type information recording medium; and a display apparatus for displaying a detection result of the detecting unit. In the video signal recording apparatus using the information recording medium, file management information to form a directory is recorded as intermediate information onto the information recording medium.

Abstract: An information recording and control method and apparatus for a recording medium disc having information previously recorded thereon. New information is overwritten at least a portion of the previously recorded information in a recording area of the recording medium disc. Information on the new information is cataloged as control information on the recording medium disc. Residual information which is part of the previously recorded information which is not overwritten by the new information is treated as new information and information on the residual information which is treated as new information is cataloged as control information on the recording medium disc.

Abstract: There is disclosed an error correcting apparatus comprising a storage medium read control section for reading out a data set from an optical disk such as a CD-ROM which stores therein at least one data set consisting of data of a predetermined length and error correcting codes for correcting errors within the data, and for detecting whether or not the data set read out from the optical disk contains one or more errors, a temporary buffer connected to the storage medium read control section for temporarily storing the data obtained by the storage medium read control section, a central processing section connected to the storage medium read control section and the temporary buffer for controlling them and for carrying out error correction with respect to the data set stored in the temporary buffer.

Abstract: A CD-ROM is provided with an area for forming a character/graphic pattern. The character/graphic pattern is formed in such a way that data, which generate on the CD-ROM two sorts of pit patterns having average reflectances different from each other to a perceptible extent, are respectively recorded inside and outside the character/graphic pattern. Unless an illegal copy disc is produced by duplicating the legal original disc of the CD-ROM at a very high precision, the character/graphic pattern of the copy disc is invisibly deformed by the discrepancy between the arrangements of the pit patterns of the copy disc and the original disc.

Abstract: An interleaved data recording area for recording interleaved file data and a control program record area for recording a program to control the reproduction of the data are provided in an information recording medium, and the interleaved data record area is arranged succeeding the control program record area. Information of a transfer/output destination of the reproduced file data is included in the control program so that a plurality of interleaved and stored file data are continuously reproduced without retrieving control data.

Abstract: There is disclosed an error correcting apparatus comprising a storage medium read control section for reading out a data set from an optical disk such as a CD-ROM which stores therein at least one data set consisting of data of a predetermined length and error correcting codes for correcting errors within the data, and for detecting whether or not the data set read out from the optical disk contains one or more errors, a temporary buffer connected to the storage medium read control section for temporarily storing the data obtained by the storage medium read control section, a central processing section connected to the storage medium read control section and the temporary buffer for controlling them and for carrying out error correction with respect to the data set stored in the temporary buffer.

Abstract: A character and/or graphics pattern area for recording specific data is provided on a CD-ROM. When an original disk is prepared, a specific pit pattern corresponding to the specific data is recorded at a first predetermined tracking linear velocity controlled by a specific tracking linear velocity control system for each track so that a character and/or graphics pattern cannot be identified. When a copy disk is produced from the original disk, if data is recorded at a second tracking linear velocity controlled by a specific tracking linear velocity control system, the character and/or graphics pattern of visible size appears on the copy disk because of an optical reflection factor difference between areas caused by placement of the specific pit pattern corresponding to the specific data.

Abstract: A CD-ROM is provided with an area for forming a character/graphic pattern. The character/graphic pattern is formed in such a way that data, which generate on the CD-ROM two sorts of pit patterns having average reflectances different from each other to a perceptible extent, are respectively recorded inside and outside the character/graphic pattern. Unless an illegal copy disc is produced by duplicating the legal original disc of the CD-ROM at a very high precision, the character/graphic pattern of the copy disc is invisibly deformed by the discrepancy between the arrangements of the pit patterns of the copy disc and the original disc.

Abstract: A CD-ROM is provided with an area for forming a character/graphic pattern. The character/graphic pattern is formed in such a way that data, which generate on the CD-ROM two sorts of pit patterns having average reflectances different from each other to a perceptible extent, are respectively recorded inside and outside the character/graphic pattern. Unless an illegal copy disc is produced by duplicating the legal original disc of the CD-ROM at a very high precision, the character/graphic pattern of the copy disc is invisibly deformed by the discrepancy between the arrangements of the pit patterns of the copy disc and the original disc.

Abstract: A portable CD-ROM retrieval apparatus, is provided wherein a CD-ROM drive for loading a CD medium, a display for displaying characters and images, an input specifying section for specifying a desired input operation, an audio section for producing sounds, and a data storage for storing data from the CD-ROM drive and the like are connected together through a control section, these devices being housed in a single cabinet. In accordance with one feature, the apparatus can calculate and display statistical information which depends on frequency of data access to the CD medium.

Abstract: A process of thermally cracking a heavy petroleum oil wherein the heavy petroleum oil is treated successively in a cracking furnace and then in a perfect mixing type tank reactor. The thermal cracking in the cracking furnace is performed at a temperature at the outlet of the cracking furnace of 450.degree.-520.degree. C. with a conversion of at least 60-75% of the overall conversion rate while the thermal cracking in the tank reactor is performed at a temperature of 400.degree.-450.degree. C. a pressure of from ambient pressure to 1 kg/cm.sup.2 for a period of time of less than 30 minutes but not less than 10 minutes while feeding steam having a temperature of 435.degree.-700.degree. C. to the tank reactor in an amount of 8-20% by weight of the heavy petroleum oil fed to the cracking furnace.

Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer in which a diaphragm of a loudspeaker for converting an electrical signal into an acoustic signal comprises a lower section and an upper section thereof which are split axially of a center pole of a magnetic circuit. The lower section of the diaphragm has a concave-curved surface such as an exponential-curved surface while the upper section of the diaphragm has a parabolically-curved surface. A roll is provided at the joint area of the upper and lower sections of the diaphragm. In this manner, a high-band resonance frequency of the loudspeaker is raised to a high frequency and Q of high-band resonance is lowered to broaden a reproduction frequency range of the loudspeaker.

Abstract: A molding process for casting operations in which castings having a deep concave portion or a high convex portion such as pots and bathtubs are cast using vacuum sealed molds on which films are applied to be in tight contact with them, and a film forming auxiliary device for use in molding such vacuum sealed molds.