Abstract: In a distance measurement apparatus, a light emitter emits pulse-like light. A light receiver receives reflected light of the emitted light and converts the received light to an electrical signal. An AD converter converts the electrical signal to a digital value at a predetermined sampling rate to generate a conversion data series. An interpolation processor upsamples the outputted conversion data series by inserting interpolation data therein to generate an up-data series. A distance calculator calculates a distance to an object that reflects light using a signal waveform indicated by the up-data series. The interpolation processor inserts the interpolation data having an interpolation value between pieces of data belonging to the conversion data series, and smooths the data series in which the interpolation data is inserted using a low-pass filter that has characteristics in which waveform distortion caused by ringing does not occur.

Abstract: In a distance measurement apparatus, a light emitter emits pulse-like light. A light receiver receives reflected light of the emitted light and converts the received light to an electrical signal. An AD converter converts the electrical signal to a digital value at a predetermined sampling rate to generate a conversion data series. An interpolation processor upsamples the outputted conversion data series by inserting interpolation data therein to generate an up-data series. A distance calculator calculates a distance to an object that reflects light using a signal waveform indicated by the up-data series. The interpolation processor inserts the interpolation data having an interpolation value between pieces of data belonging to the conversion data series, and smooths the data series in which the interpolation data is inserted using a low-pass filter that has characteristics in which waveform distortion caused by ringing does not occur.

Abstract: A light scanning apparatus including a light source for emitting light in a direction different from a direction orthogonal to the reference direction, and a rotating reflection body that rotates about an axis inclined at an inclination angle ? to the reference direction and includes at least one reflecting surface that is disposed in a direction intersecting obliquely with the axis and reflects light incident on the reflecting surface at an incident angle ?. A specific scanning direction is a direction intersecting at an angle to the reference direction and the rotation axis inclination angle ??0°. The inclination angle ? is predetermined according to the incident angle ? such that deviation of the scanning beam reflected by the reflecting surface is smaller than the deviation of the scanning beam that would be obtained with the inclination angle ? of the rotation axis 0°.

Abstract: An on-vehicle laser radar device scans laser light in front and side zones through the windshield glass of a vehicle in a horizontal direction in order to detect an obstacle. When projecting the laser light emitted from the light source to the windshield glass, the device rotates a polarization plane of the laser light according to the angle of inclination of the windshield glass and an azimuth angle in the horizontal direction, and outputs the polarized laser light through the windshield glass in order to scan the laser light toward front and side visual zones of the vehicle.

Abstract: A light scanning apparatus including a light source for emitting light in a direction different from a direction orthogonal to the reference direction, and a rotating reflection body that rotates about an axis inclined at an inclination angle ? to the reference direction and includes at least one reflecting surface that is disposed in a direction intersecting obliquely with the axis and reflects light incident on the reflecting surface at an incident angle ?. A specific scanning direction is a direction intersecting at an angle to the reference direction and the rotation axis inclination angle ??0°. The inclination angle ? is predetermined according to the incident angle ? such that deviation of the scanning beam reflected by the reflecting surface is smaller than the deviation of the scanning beam that would be obtained with the inclination angle ? of the rotation axis 0°.

Abstract: An on-vehicle laser radar device scans laser light in front and side zones through the windshield glass of a vehicle in a horizontal direction in order to detect an obstacle. When projecting the laser light emitted from the light source to the windshield glass, the device rotates a polarization plane of the laser light according to the angle of inclination of the windshield glass and an azimuth angle in the horizontal direction, and outputs the polarized laser light through the windshield glass in order to scan the laser light toward front and side visual zones of the vehicle.

Abstract: A system working to detect a reciprocating motion of an object such as a scanner mirror of an optical scanner. The system is designed to compensate for an error which is concluded in an amplified sensor signal used to determine a reference position of the scanner mirror and which is sensitive to a change in environmental condition of use such as a change in ambient temperature. The system also works to monitor a change in amplitude of swing of the scanner mirror accurately to keep it constant.

Abstract: In an A/D conversion apparatus comprising an A/D converter (4) and a digital moving average filter (6) for removing high-frequency signal components, there is provided an analog moving average filter (2) at a first stage. A sampling frequency of the filters (6 and 2) is set to fsd=n×fsa (where n is a positive integer of 1, 2, ---). As a result, it becomes possible to superimpose an unnecessary signal passing area that appears at every frequency of n times the sampling frequency fsd in the filter (6), on an area of infinite attenuation that appears at every frequency of n times the sampling frequency fsa in the filter (2). In the apparatus as a whole, it becomes possible to efficiently attenuate unnecessary high-frequency signal components. It is also possible to obtain a similar effect when a time A/D converter is used in place of the analog moving average filter (2) and the A/D converter (4).

Abstract: In an A/D conversion apparatus comprising an A/D converter (4) and a digital moving average filter (6) for removing high-frequency signal components, there is provided an analog moving average filter (2) at a first stage. A sampling frequency of the filters (6 and 2) is set to fsd =n x fsa (where n is a positive integer of 1, 2, ---). As a result, it becomes possible to superimpose an unnecessary signal passing area that appears at every frequency of n times the sampling frequency fsd in the filter (6), on an area of infinite attenuation that appears at every frequency of n times the sampling frequency fsa in the filter (2). In the apparatus as a whole, it becomes possible to efficiently attenuate unnecessary high-frequency signal components. It is also possible to obtain a similar effect when a time A/D converter is used in place of the analog moving average filter (2) and the A/D converter (4).

Abstract: A system working to detect a reciprocating motion of an object such as a scanner mirror of an optical scanner. The system is designed to compensate for an error which is concluded in an amplified sensor signal used to determine a reference position of the scanner mirror and which is sensitive to a change in environmental condition of use such as a change in ambient temperature. The system also works to monitor a change in amplitude of swing of the scanner mirror accurately to keep it constant.

Abstract: In a hot-plug connector comprising a plurality of contacts used for a plurality of the uses, each of the contacts being provided with a peg portion for being mounted on a main surface of an electrical circuit board, a contact portion for removable connection to a mating contact of a mating connector, and a squeezed portion for being pushed into and hold by an insulator, the peg portions are equal in length to one another in a depth direction. The squeezed portions are equal in length to one another in the depth direction. The contact portions are different in length in the depth direction from one another so as to correspond to the uses. Therefore, the peg and the squeezed portions are located at the same location in the depth direction. The contact portions are protruded to the different location from each other in the depth direction.

Abstract: In a modular jack which is used as an information plug socket of a home bus system an insulating body has a valley extending across the central portion of its top face, end portions of two cables to be interconnected, with their braided shielding wires exposed and turned back, are inserted in the valley from opposite directions and placed one on the other, and a shielding lug is mounted on the end portions of the cables with its legs locked on both sides of the valley. The insulating body has formed therein a plurality of housing compartments at either side of the valley and contact terminals are housed in the housing compartments. A modular block is attached to the bottom side of the insulating body and contacts of the modular block are connected to the contact terminals.

Abstract: A process of preparing calcium hydrogen phosphate anhydride suitable as a raw material for phosphate phosphors, wherein CaHPO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O is precipitated by mixing aqueous solutions of NaNH.sub.4 HPO.sub.4.4H.sub.2 O and CaCl.sub.2.6H.sub.2 O at 5.degree.-40.degree. C. An entire quantity of CaHPO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O to be converted to CaHPO.sub.4 in one batch is put into an acidified water maintained above 80.degree. C. all at once. Crystalline CaHPO.sub.4 is obtained through agitation of a resultant hot slurry for a few minutes. Crystal habit of the product depends on the pH of the hot water: lozenge-shaped plates when the pH is below 3.4, parallelogram plates in the pH range of 3.4-4.4, and square or rectangular plates when the pH is above 4.4. The particle size of CaHPO.sub.4 depends on the water temperature and the degree of agitation. To precipitate CaHPO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O in the presence of suitable quantity of seed crystals is effective for minimizing the Na content of CaHPO.sub.4.

Abstract: Crude sodium hexafluorosilicate containing gypsum as a principal impurity can be refined economically with a minimized loss of fluorine by first making the crude fluorosilicate in the form of an aqueous slurry react with an alkali metal compound such as sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to form a soluble sulfate, and then treating the solid component of the reaction product with an acid solution in the presence of sodium ion, preferably at elevated temperatures near boiling point, to form a soluble calcium salt and crystallize sodium hexafluorosilicate. Sea water may be used both as the aqueous medium for the slurry in the first step and as the source of the sodium ions in the second step.

Abstract: A process for producing sodium fluoride from sodium silicofluoride in which sodium silicofluoride is added to an ammonium fluoride solution for double decomposition reaction to obtain a slurry containing sodium fluoride as crystals and ammonium silicofluoride in dissolved form, and the solution from which the sodium fluoride crystals have been removed is added with ammonia to decompose the ammonium silicofluoride into silica and ammonium fluoride. The ammonium fluoride obtained by the decomposition is recycled to the double decomposition step. Alternatively, the ammonium fluoride is reacted with a sodium salt for recovery as sodium fluoride.