Abstract: A position measuring apparatus for an alignment of an array of devices such as a thin film magnetic heads on a semiconductor wafer with a high degree of accuracy and satisfactory reproducibility, comprising, on a base, an object holding unit on which an object to be measured, an X-stage, a portal sub-base arranged across over the X-stage, a Y-stage arranged on the portal sub-base, a TV microscope (detector) capable of movement in a Z-axial direction, a ball circulation type linear guide and a motor for driving and guiding the X-stage and the Y-stage, an X-axial straight bar and a Y-axial straight bar attached to side surfaces of the object holding unit, and triangulation type laser displacement meters arranged in the vicinity of and in opposite to the X-axial bar and Y-axial bar, for detecting lateral motion errors during straight movement of the holding unit in the X- and Y-axial direction with a high degree of accuracy.

Abstract: In an X-ray tomography apparatus and a method of taking tomograms inside an object through the use of the X-ray tomography apparatus, positioning of the object and operation for taking tomograms are carried out in accordance with the following procedures. An X-ray beam is irradiated to the object. An X-ray beam transmitting through the object is detected and a transmission image of the object is generated on the basis of the detected X-ray beam. While watching the transmission image of the object on a display, the object is moved by means of a moving mechanism coupled to a drive unit to change an X-ray irradiation area of the object and the object is stopped at a desired position. The moving mechanism is disconnected from the drive unit. The object irradiated with the X-ray beam is rotated by means of a rotating mechanism about a rotation axis inclined with respect to an irradiation axis of the X-ray beam.

Abstract: A position measuring apparatus for an alignment of an array of devices such as a thin film magnetic heads on a semiconductor wafer with a high degree of accuracy and satisfactory reproducibility, comprising, on a base, an object holding unit on which an object to be measured, an X-stage, a portal sub-base arranged across over the X-stage, a Y-stage arranged on the portal sub-base, a TV microscope (detector) capable of movement in a Z-axial direction, a ball circulation type linear guide and a motor for driving and guiding the X-stage and the Y-stage, an X-axial straight bar and a Y-axial straight bar attached to side surfaces of the object holding unit, and triangulation type laser displacement meters arranged in the vicinity of and in opposite to the X-axial bar and Y-axial bar, for detecting lateral motion errors during straight movement of the holding unit in the X- and Y-axial direction with a high degree of accuracy.

Abstract: The apparatus for measuring the thickness of an object being measured has a first position measuring unit for measuring the position of a first surface of the object, a second position measuring unit for measuring the position of a second surface of said object opposite to said first surface, and a thickness obtaining portion for obtaining the thickness of the object on the basis of the position of the first surface determined by said first position measuring unit and the position of the second surface determined by the second position measuring unit.

Abstract: An occupant crash protection device for a vehicle has: a current limiting circuit which receives a supply of a trigger signal generated when it is judged that a significant accident happens, and which controls a squib firing current to have a constant amount; a squib; and a mechanical acceleration switch, the current limiting circuit, the squib, and the acceleration switch being connected in series between terminals of a direct current power source.

Abstract: An automatic tape threading device for a magnetic recording and reproducing system wherein a leading tape member of a width larger than that of a magnetic tape for threading the magnetic tape in a cartridge through a path of travel of the magnetic tape including the outer circumference of a drum mounting a rotary magnetic head includes a joint member connected to one end portion of the magnetic tape in the cartridge and another joint member connected to one end portion of the leading tape member. The two joint members are brought into engagement with each other conjointly with the attaching of the cartridge to the magnetic recording and reproducing system, and then a takeup reel is actuated to withdraw the magnetic tape from the cartridge through the leading tape member, so as to thereby thread the magnetic tape through the path of travel of the magnetic tape.

Abstract: A video head drum for a helical scan type video tape recorder, in which a rotary head drum is fixed to a rotary shaft by use of a ring member placed over a cylindrical member which is fitted into the central portion of the rotary head drum and substantially fixed thereto and in which the rotary shaft is inserted, and a pair of ring-shaped fastening plates. The cross section of the ring member in the rotating axial direction indicates an outward bulge at the center and the ring-shaped fastening plates are disposed so as to sandwich the bulge. By fastening the ring-shaped plates, the ring member is forced to be compressed in the radius direction thereof, fixing tightly the cylindrical member to the rotary shaft and consequently fixing the rotary head drum to the rotary shaft, whereby correct attachment of the rotary head drum to the rotary shaft, without causing any eccentric rotation of the rotary head drum or vibrations thereof, can be attained.

Abstract: In a helical scan type video tape recorder, a tape guide is moved toward and away from a head drum of the recorder. The tape guide is reciprocated by a slider moved in a groove by a lever loosely connected to the slider. A stop member is provided for preventing the slider from moving beyond a limit, and a detector is provided to detect a position of the slider for controlling the lever. Spring means are connected to the lever for applying a predetermined pressure to the stop member when the slider is stopped by the stop member.

Abstract: A sensor block is disposed within a package and includes a semiconductor diaphragm and a circumferential support bonded to the inside of the package. The semiconductor diaphragm is provided with at least one diffused resistor layer formed thereon as a pressure-sensitive element, one surface of the diaphragm being subjected to a reference pressure whereas the other surface is subjected to a fluid pressure to be measured. A diaphragm breakage detecting element including an electrical conductor filament is provided zigzagging back and forth laterally across the boundary between the diaphragm and the circumferential support, the point subject to maximum stress, the conductor filament material being of substantially the same mechanical strength as the diaphragm material, so that, when the diaphragm is broken, the conductor filament is also broken, thus allowing immediate indication of the diaphragm breakage.

Abstract: A pressure sensor of the type having a semiconductor diaphragm such as a silicon diaphragm which is formed with at least one diffused resistor in a surface region on one side thereof. A silicon block having the diaphragm is bonded to the inside of a box-like package such that the diffused resistor is exposed in a vacuum chamber defined in the package and that a fluid pressure can arrive at the back side of the diaphragm through a hole of the package. To minimize unwanted straining of the silicon diaphragm by thermal influences, the package is made of a material such as mullite whose linear expansion coefficient is close to that of silicon. To prevent an accidental change in the output characteristic of the sensor by the influence of an unintended external force, the package is supported above a base plate by pillar-like lead frames and confined in a space provided by fixing a cap to the base plate. A pressure introduction pipe is attached to either the base plate or the cap.

Abstract: A pressure sensor having a silicon diaphragm whose opposite surfaces are subjected to fluid pressures for measurement. The diaphragm includes a diffused resistor as a pressure-sensitive element on a silicon base, a protective layer composed of a silicon epitaxial layer opposite in conductive type to the resistor and formed on the diffused resistor in order to prevent the resistor from being exposed to a corresponding fluid pressure, and an electrically insulating layer formed on an outer surface of the protective layer.

Abstract: A pinch roller of a portable video tape recorder is urged against a capstan shaft by a rotatable arm rotated by an eccentric cam. The arm is provided with a pin spring biased against side surface of the eccentric cam. After a portion of side surface of the eccentric cam most remote from an axis of rotation of the cam has passed by the pin, the rotation of the eccentric cap is stopped thereby to prevent the pinch roller from disengaging the capstan shaft.

Abstract: A pair of semiconductor diaphragm blocks, each having a diaphragm on a front surface of which a diffused resistor is formed as a pressure-sensitive element, and a circumferential support integral therewith, are confined within a sealed hollow package and bonded at their circumferential supports to opposite inside surfaces of the package such that the front surfaces of the diaphragms are positioned within a vacuum space within the package. This package is provided with through holes through which fluid pressures subject to measurement are introduced so as to arrive at the back surfaces of the diaphragms.

Abstract: A diaphragm assembly includes a silicon diaphragm block which has a diaphragm at an eccentric position thereof, a diffused resistor formed as a pressure-sensitive element on a front surface of the diaphragm, and a silicon support plate bonded to the diaphragm block so as to cover a back surface of the diaphragm. The diaphragm assembly is accommodated sealingly within and bonded to the inside of a hollow package at an end portion of the assembly remote from the diaphragm in the direction of extension of the bonded surfaces of the block and the support plate. The front surface of the diaphragm and the diffused resistor thereon are exposed to a vacuum while a fluid pressure subject to measurement is introduced through a passage extending through the package and the end portion of the assembly bonded to the package so as to arrive at a back surface of the diaphragm.